多发性肌炎/皮肌炎合并肺间质性病变的临床特征

目的 回顾分析病理确诊的多发性肌炎/皮肌炎肺受累患者的临床、影像和病理学特征,以提高临床诊断水平.方法 1980年1月至2006年10月在北京协和医院住院,经病理确诊的多发性肌炎/皮肌炎肺受累患者共26例,其中6例进行尸检,5例行开胸肺活检或经胸腔镜肺活检,15例行经皮肺活检,进行临床、影像和病理学及预后综合分析.结果 26例患者的中位年龄为48岁(19～65岁),男10例,女16例.胸部X线主要表现为磨玻璃样变,双肺斑片状阴影和网格影.病理表现为弥漫性肺泡损伤(DAD)5例;淋巴细胞间质性肺炎2例;非特异性间质性肺炎(NSIP)富细胞型6例,混合型8例;机化性肺炎4例;普通型间质性肺炎(UIP)1例.所有患者均接受了泼尼松+环磷酰胺的治疗.中位随诊时间为15个月(6～108个月),中位生存期为21个月(1～253个月).26例患者中18例病情改善或稳定,8例死亡,其中5例病理表现为DAD,2例为NSIP混合型,1例为UIP.结论 多发性肌炎/皮肌炎肺受累患者的胸部CT及病理表现多样,病理诊断为DAD者预后差.

Clinico-pathological manifestations in interstitial lung diseases associated with polymyositis-dermatomyositis

OBJECTIVE: Polymyositis-dermatomyositis has been associated with various histological patterns of interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study was to investigate the clinico-pathologic features of interstitial lung diseases associated with polymyositis-dermatomyositis. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 26 patients with polymyositis-dermatomyositis associated ILD who underwent lung biopsies (6 autopsies, 5 surgical lung biopsies and 15 percutaneous lung biopsies) at our hospital during a 27-year period from January 1980 through October 2007. Histopathologic findings were analyzed and correlated with radiological features and outcome. RESULTS: Median age was 48 years (range, 19 to 65 years), and 16 patients were women. Chest X-ray imaging revealed bilateral infiltrates including ground-glass attenuation, patchy infiltration, and reticular opacities. The major histopathologic patterns included diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (n = 5), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (n = 2), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (cellular patten, n = 6; mixed pattern, n = 8), organizing pneumonia (n = 4), usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (n = 1). Treatment commonly included prednisone with immunosuppressive agent. During the follow-up period (median, 15 month,range from 6 to 108 month), 18 patients improved or remained stable. Eight patients died, including 5 deaths from DAD, 2 from NSIP mixed pattern, 1 from UIP. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of histological patterns can be seen in patients with polymyositis-dermatomyositi-associated ILD. Those with DAD tended to have poor prognosis.