Colposcopic findings of gland openings in cervical carcinoma: their histological backgrounds |
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| Authors: | Y Kishi S Inui Y Sakamoto |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States;2. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina, NC 27709, United States;3. Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain;4. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States;5. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States;6. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States;7. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States |
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| Abstract: | During the past 8 years 1501 colposcopies were performed paying a special attention to cervical glands for diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma. Normal openings could exclude these diseases at the error rate of only 5.1%, while atypical openings could identify them at the high confidence rate of 96.3%. False positive evaluations were mostly attributable to a marked degree of squamous metaplasia in the glands. The absence of gland openings in the main portion of the lesions amounted to 88.6% in invasive carcinomas but to only 12.4% in CIN. Adenoma malignum was a highly characteristic exception. |
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