大气污染对儿童免疫功能影响的研究

目的：探讨大气污染对人体免疫功能的影响，为提高生存质量，改善生存环境，预防呼吸道等疾患提供科学依据。方法：选择重污染区和污染区，以没有职业接触，近3个月未用抗生素类药物的6－8岁儿童作为研究对象，用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清免疫球蛋白IgG,IgM,IgA,IgE含量，进行对比分析。结果：免疫球蛋白水平受外环境的影响较大，重污染区儿童IgA,IgM水平明显低于轻污染区，IgG,IgE水平明显高于轻污染区，有显著性差异（P＜0．01或P＜0．05），而不同性别儿童在重污染区和轻污染区的免疫球蛋白水平没有显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：大气污染对免疫功能具有明显的影响，可使免疫功能受到损害，使从体免疫球蛋白水平发生改变，可能是导致呼吸道感染和变态反应性疾病发病率增高的重要因素。

Effects of Air Pollution on Immunofunction of Children

Objective To approach the effects of air pollution on immunofunction of human bodies in order to provide scientific basis for improving existent and preventing diseases.Methods Children aged 6-8 years from severe and mild polluted area without occupational exposure and administering antibiotics in the latest three months were selected and IgM,IgM,IgA,IgE in their sera were detemined by ELISA.Results Immunoglobin were greatly affected by external environment.The IgA and IgM level of the children was much lower and IgG and IgE was higher in the severe area than that in the mild one (P<0.01 or P<0.05).There was no differences in immunoglobin level between both male and female children(P>0.05).Conclusion Air pollution markedly influenced the immunofunction.It was an important factor for damaging immunofunction and inducing immunoglobin level changes and increasing incidence of respiratory diseases.