社区Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者对糖尿病足的知晓情况和足部自我管理行为及其影响因素研究

背景 糖尿病足是糖尿病常见并发症之一，也是糖尿病患者致残的主要原因，但目前关于Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者对糖尿病足的知晓情况和足部自我管理行为的研究报道较少。 目的 分析社区Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者对糖尿病足的知晓情况和足部自我管理行为及其影响因素。 方法 选取2021年1—6月在上海市长宁区新华街道社区卫生服务中心门诊就诊的Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者500例作为调查对象，采用自行设计的调查问卷进行现场调查，分析其糖尿病足相关知识及获取途径、糖尿病足自我管理行为；社区Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者足部自我管理行为评分的影响因素分析采用多元线性回归分析。 结果 共发放调查问卷500份，回收有效问卷500份，问卷回收有效率为100.0%。社区Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者对糖尿病足的知晓率为53.2%（266/500），平均足部自我管理行为评分为（20.1±6.2）分。不同年龄、文化程度、糖尿病病程及是否接受过糖尿病健康教育的患者对糖尿病足的知晓率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、糖尿病病程及是否接受过糖尿病健康教育的患者足部自我管理行为评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；多元线性回归分析结果显示，年龄（β=0.242）、文化程度（β=0.417）、婚姻状况（β=-0.175）、家庭人均月收入（β=-0.075）、糖尿病病程（β=0.175）、糖尿病健康教育（β=-0.173）是社区Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者足部自我管理行为评分的影响因素（P<0.05）。社区Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者糖尿病足相关知识主要获取途径为家庭医生或社区护士（62.2%）、网络（33.2%）、电视/广播（30.6%）等。 结论 社区Wagner分级0级糖尿病足患者对糖尿病足的知晓率较低，平均足部自我管理行为评分较低且受多种因素影响，如年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、糖尿病病程、糖尿病健康教育。

Awareness of Diabetic Foot,Level and Associated Factors of Foot Self-management Behavior in Wagner Grade 0 Diabetic Foot Patients in the Community

Background Diabetic foot is a common diabetic complication and a major cause of diabetes-related disability,but there are few reports about awareness of diabetic foot and foot self-management behavior in Wagner grade 0 diabetic foot patients.Objective To analyze the awareness of diabetic foot,level and associated factors of foot self-management behavior in Wagner grade 0 diabetic foot patients in the community.Methods A total of 500 outpatients with Wagner grade 0 diabetic foot were selected from Changning District Xinhua Subdistrict Community Health Center from January to June 2021,to attend an on-site survey using a questionnaire developed by us,for understanding their knowledge of diabetic foot and approaches used to acquire the knowledge,as well as foot self-management behavior.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the associated factors of foot self-management behavior.Results The response rate was 100.0%(500/500).The awareness rate of diabetic foot and average foot self-management behavior score of the respondents were 53.2%(266/500),and(20.1±6.2),respectively.The awareness of diabetic foot in the respondents differed by age,educational level,course of diabetes,and prevalence of receiving diabetes health education(P<0.05).The foot self-management behavior score in the respondents differed by age,educational level,marital status,monthly per capita household income,course of diabetes,and prevalence of receiving diabetes health education(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis results demonstrated that,age(β=0.242),educational level(β=0.417),marital status(β=-0.175),monthly per capita household income(β=-0.075),course of diabetes(β=0.175),and diabetes health education(β=-0.173)were associated with foot self-management behavior score(P<0.05).The major approaches to acquiring knowledge of diabetic foot were guidance from the family doctor or community nurse(62.2%),searching the Internet(33.2%),and watching television/listening to the radio(30.6%).Conclusion In Wagner grade 0 diabetic foot patients in the community,the awareness rate of diabetic foot is relatively low.Moreover,the level of foot self-management behavior is also relatively low,which may be associated with many factors,such as age,educational level,marital status,monthly per capita household income,course of diabetes,and diabetes health education.