Staging of pancreatic and ampullary cancers for
resectability using laparoscopy with laparoscopic
ultrasound |
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Authors: | MJ Menack JD Spitz ME Arregui |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Surgery, New York United Hospital Medical Center, 406 Boston Post Road, Port Chester, NY 10573, USA, US;(2) Department of Surgery, St. Vincent Hospital and Health Care Center, 8402 Harcourt Road, Suite 815, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA, US |
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Abstract: | Background: Cancers of the pancreas and periampullary region are rarely curable. We set out to determine the efficacy of laparoscopy
with laparoscopic ultrasound in the staging of pancreatic and ampullary malignancies for resectability. Methods: Between January
1994 and September 1999, we retrospectively reviewed the laparoscopic staging (LS) of tumors already deemed resectable by
standard radiologic criteria in 27 patients using laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS). Patients found to be resectable
by LS evaluation underwent laparotomy (LA). We then compared the results of the LS and LA findings. Results: Of the 27 patients
evaluated, 17 were men and 10 were women. Their mean age was 66 years. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans were
done in all 27 patients (100%), and transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was done in 21 (78%). By LS, seven patients
(26%) were found to have unresectable disease. Two patients with mesenteric tumor infiltration (one with peritoneal implants,
and one with a visible liver metastasis) were judged to be unresectable by laparoscopy alone. LUS revealed that one patient
had portal vein (PV) occlusion and two had metastases to the lymph nodes or liver that were not revealed by preoperative studies
or laparoscopy alone. Among 20 patients (74%) deemed resectable by LS, two (10%) were found to be unresectable at LA, one
due to PV involvement and the other due to local tumor extension with superior mesenteric lymph node metastasis. Eighteen
of those in whom resection was attempted (90%) were resectable, with no unexpected findings of distant lymph node or hepatic
metastasis. Pathology examination showed that eight had regional metastases (44%). The sensitivity of LS in determining unresectability
was 77% (seven true positives and two false negatives). The negative predictive value (reflecting resectability) was 90%.
Laparoscopy alone had a sensitivity of 44%, with a negative predictive value of 78%. The sensitivity and positive predictive
value of LS was 100%, reflecting no false positive examinations. Conclusions: LS can effectively stage most patients and reliably
predict which of them will benefit from LA. Intervention for unresectable patients can then be limited to laparoscopic or
endoscopic bypass. The main limitation is that LS may underestimate PV and regional lymph node involvement. |
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