胰腺疾病相关性门脉高压症59例临床分析

目的探讨胰腺疾病相关性门脉高压症的临床特点及治疗。方法选择我院1986年1月至2005年4月收治的胰腺疾病相关性门脉高压症患者，回顾性分析其一般资料、受累静脉、临床表现、实验室和影像检查、治疗和结局。结果我院19年共收治本病59例，占同期门脉高压症的4．0％。常见基础胰腺疾病依次为慢性胰腺炎（21例，35．6％）、胰腺癌（20例，33．9％）、急性胰腺炎（8例，13．6％）和胰腺囊肿（3例，5．1％）。40例患者有明确的受累静脉，其中脾静脉阻塞27例（67．5％）、门静脉阻塞16例（40．0％）。脾脏肿大48例（81．4％），为轻、中度肿大，脾功能亢进31例（52．5％），程度较轻，以白细胞减少为主。45例患者（76．3％）有胃、食管静脉曲张（孤立性胃静脉曲张35例），19例有破裂出血（32．2％）。药物治疗可控制急性出血，但不能预防再出血。18例行脾切除术，主要指征是反复发生的消化道出血，术后患者均未再出血（随访8个月～9年）。结论胰腺疾病可累及门静脉主干及其属枝，导致广泛性或区域性门脉高压症。药物治疗可有效控制急性曲张静脉破裂出血，而手术可能是防止再出血的主要措施。

Pancreatic disease-associated portal hypertension: clinical analysis of 59 cases

Objective To investigate the clinical features and management of pancreatic disease- associated portal hypertension.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in patients with portal hypertension complicating with pancreatic diseases in our hospital from January 1986 to April 2005. Medical records of these patients were reviewed,including data of demographics,etiologies,venous involvement,clinical presentation,laboratory tests,imaging studies,therapeutic modalities and out- comes.Results There were 59 cases of portal hypertension resulted from pancreatic diseases in our hos- pital,accounting for 4% of all portal hypertension in 19 years.The underlying pancreatic diseases were chronic pancreatitis(21 cases,35.6%),pancreatic carcinoma(20 cases,33.9%),acute pancreatitis (8 cases,13.6%),pancreatic pseudocyst(3 cases,5.1%).Of the 40 patients whose venous involve ment was identified,splenic vein obstruction occurred in 27 cases(67.5%),followed by portal vein obstruction(16 cases,40.0%).Mild or moderate splenomegaly was present in 48 cases(81.4%),with leukocytopenia as the most common manifestation of the 31 cases(52.5%)of concomitant hyper- splenism.Forty-five patients(76.3%)developed gastroesophageal varices(including 35 isolated gastric varices),among them,19 had bled(32.2%).Conservative treatment was effective in controlling acute bleeding,but could not prevent re-bleeding.Splenectomy was performed in 18 patients,mainly because of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.No postoperative bleeding occurred in the period of follow-up from 8 months to 9 years.Conclusions Pancreatic diseases may compromise portal vein and its tributaries, leading to generalized or regional portal hypertension.Pharmacological therapy can effectively control acute variceal bleeding,while surgical treatment is the appropriate procedure of choice in case of hemor- rhage recurrence.