Respiratory epithelial cell responses to cigarette smoke: The unfolded protein response |
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| Authors: | Steven G Kelsen |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France;2. University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France;3. Department of Nephrology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France;4. Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France;5. Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States;1. Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;2. Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China |
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| Abstract: | Cigarette smoking exposes the respiratory epithelium to highly toxic, reactive oxygen nitrogen species which damage lung proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cell organelle in which all secreted and membrane proteins are processed. Accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins in the ER, a condition termed ER stress, activates a complex cellular process termed the unfolded protein responses (UPR). The UPR acts to restore cellular protein homeostasis by regulating all aspects of protein metabolism including: protein translation and syntheses; protein folding; and protein degradation. However, activation of the UPR may also induce signaling pathways which induce inflammation and cell apoptosis. This review discusses the role of UPR in the respiratory epithelial cell response to cigarette smoke and the pathogenesis of lung diseases like COPD. |
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