2007至2012年秦淮区5岁以下儿童死亡情况分析

目的：掌握秦淮区2007年1月至2012年1月5岁以下儿童死亡状况，探索有效的干预措施。方法对2007年1月至2012年1月秦淮区5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡进行整理、统计。结果新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为3．06‰、3．94‰、4．69‰。新生儿死亡、婴儿死亡、1～4岁儿童死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡的构成比分别为65．33％、84．00％、16．00％，5岁以下儿童死亡人数中新生儿占比重最大，差异具有统计学意义（χ^2＝9．50，P＜0．05）。5岁以下儿童死因顺位依次为早产与低出生体重（16．00％）、其他新生儿病（8．00％）、肺炎（6．67％）、先天性心脏病（6．67％）、出生窒息（6．67％）、其他先天异常（4．00％）。结论降低新生儿、婴儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡的关键；预防早产和低出生体重、肺炎、先天性心脏病和出生窒息刻不容缓。

Death analysis of children under 5 years of age in Qinhuai District from 2007 to 2012

Objective To grasp the death of children under 5 years old in Qinhuai District during the period of January 2007 to January 2012 and explore effective interventions .Methods The report cards of death of children under 5 years old were analyzed from January 2007 to January 2012.Results The neonatal mortality , infant mortality and mortality of children under 5 years of age were 3.06‰, 3.94‰and 4.69‰, respectively.Neonatal mortality, infant mortality, 1-4 years old children death accounted for 65.33%, 84.00%and 16.00%of children below 5 years age.Neonatal mortality occupied most of the death of children under 5 years of age, and the difference was significant （χ^2 =9.50,P〈0.05）.The rank order of death causes of children under 5 was preterm birth and low birth weight （16.00%）, other neonatal disease （8.00%）, neonatal pneumonia （6.67%）, congenital heart disease （6.67%）, birth asphyxia （6.67%）, and other congenital anomalies （4.00%）.Conclusion Reducing neonatal and infant mortality rate is the key to reduce the death of children under 5 years old.It is urgent to prevent preterm delivery and low birth weight , pneumonia, congenital heart disease and birth asphyxia .