围绝经期妇女抑郁症发生情况及相关因素分析

目的了解绍兴市城区围绝经期妇女抑郁症发生情况及相关因素,为抑郁症的预防提供理论依据。方法采用自制一般情况问卷、抑郁自评量表（Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS）、生活事件量表（Life Events Scale,LES）按整群抽样法对绍兴市越城区4个街道的1 776名围绝经期妇女进行调查。对抑郁症可疑者用国际疾病分类（ICD-10）抑郁发作标准诊断。结果调查对象抑郁症状的发生率为27.36%,抑郁症的发生率为9.52%。无工作、离婚或丧偶、有慢性病、对生活环境不满意和邻里关系差的围绝经期妇女抑郁症的发生率较高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。经多元逐步回归分析显示,围绝经期抑郁症妇女的抑郁程度与慢性病、离婚或丧偶以及负性生活事件得分呈正相关,与有工作、对生活环境满意以及邻里关系好呈负相关,而与年龄、文化程度、家庭收入、月经情况等无相关性。结论围绝经期妇女抑郁症的发生率较高,应采取有针对性的措施,尤其对有危险因素的妇女,应加强社区的精神卫生防治工作。

The analysis of morbidity and related factors on depressive disorder in perimenopausal women

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of depressive disorder in perimenopause women in Shaoxing and to provide the base for prevent the depressive disorder. Methods According to cluster stratified sampling method,1 776 perimenopausal women selected from 4 communities were investigated with self-designed Health-Investigating Scale, SelfRating Depression Scale（SDS） and Life Events Scale（LES）. The diagnostic criterion was the ICD-10. Results The morbidities of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder were 27.36% and 9.52%, respectively. Perimenopausal women, who were unemployed, divorced or widows, dissatisfied with living environment and incompatible with their neighbors or chronic disease, had a higher morbidity of depressive disorder（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The stepwise multifactorial regression analysis showed that the depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women were positively correlated with chronic disease, divorce or widows and negative life events, and negatively correlated with the satisfaction in work, living environment and neighbor relationship. And there was no significant correlation with age, education level, family income and menstruation. Conclusion The prevalence of depressive disorder in perimenopause women is considerably high. So it is totally essential to develop the preventive measures for females with high risk factors.