灵芝及其近缘种高效薄层色谱指纹图谱的研究

 目的 以赤芝为基础建立灵芝三萜类化合物高效薄层荧光色谱指纹图谱，并与赤芝的近缘种无柄灵芝、 平盖灵芝 等的指纹图谱进行比较分析。 方法 硅胶 GF₂₅₄ 高效预制薄层板，以 正己烷 - 乙酸乙酯 - 甲醇 - 甲酸（ 30 ∶ 30 ∶ 2 ∶ 0.2 ）为展开剂展开，展至约 5 cm ，再以正己烷 - 乙酸乙酯 - 甲醇 - 甲酸（ 30 ∶ 30 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.2 ）为展开剂进行二次展开， 10% 硫酸乙醇溶液显色后获得 薄层荧光色谱指纹图谱，经指纹图谱系统解决方案软件（ Chromafinger^TM ）生成共有模式，并进行相似度和主成分分析。 结果 赤芝薄层荧光色谱指纹图谱由 9 个特征荧光条斑组成。荧光色谱图像与轮廓扫描图谱结合分析比较，建立了赤芝指纹图谱模式。赤芝与紫芝、无柄灵芝、 平盖灵芝、薄树芝、黑芝 等在三萜类化合物方面区别较大。 结论 通过指纹图谱考察，当前市场灵芝类型主要是赤芝、紫芝为主流，但两者区别较大，其他灵芝的近缘种均为代用品，不可做灵芝使用，应加以区别。

Study on HPTLC Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Ganoderma lucidum and Its Related Species

OBJECTIVE To develop the high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprint of triterpenoid from ‘Lingzhi’ (the pileus of Ganoderma lucidum) and compare fingerprints similarity with its related species, such as Ganoderma resinaceum. METHODS High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) were carried out. The separation was performed on pre-coated HPTLC GF254 silica-gel plate stationary phase with n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid（30∶30∶2∶0.2）as mobile phase (solvent system). After being developed about 5 cm, the sample was dried in air and re-developed with n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid（30∶30∶1∶0.2）as mobile phase, 10% sulfuric acid alcoholic solution as derivatization reagent. The common pattern of HPTLC fingerprints were obtained through ‘Chromafinger 2005’ solution software, and authentication and quality assessment were analyzed by similarity and Principle Commonent Analysis. RESULTS The common pattern of the pileus of Ganoderma lucidum consists of 9 characteristic peaks. There are notable difference between ganoderma and its relatives by comparison with the HPTLC chromatograph. CONCLUSION The survey showed that the main commodities of 'Lingzhi' in the domestic market can be attributed to 'Ganoderma lucidum-pattern' and 'Ganoderma sinense -pattern'. They can be distinguished by comparison with the HPTLC chromatograph. The other relatives can be easily differentiated from Ganoderma too, they can not be used as 'Lingzhi'.