A Comparison of Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding and Biliopancreatic Diversion in Superobesity

Background: Controversy exists regarding the best surgical treatment for superobesity (BMI >50 kg/m²), and a comparison of the 2 most commonly performed procedures in Europe, namely biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), has not yet been reported. Methods: BPD has been performed in 134 morbidly obese patients since 1996, and as the primary bariatric procedure in 23 superobese patients. 23 sex-matched patients who most closely resembled the age and BMI of the 23 BPD patients were chosen from 1,319 patients who had undergone LAGB since 1996. These groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests. Results: BPD was performed laparoscopically in 12 patients. Median excess weight loss at 24 months was 64.4% following BPD and 48.4% following LAGB. Hospital stay and complication rate were significantly greater with BPD, although the majority of complications were related to the laparotomy wound in patients undergoing open BPD. Rate of resolution of obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and diabetes mellitus following LAGB was similar to BPD. Conclusion: BPD results in significantly greater weight loss than LAGB in superobese patients, but is associated with a longer hospital stay and a higher complication rate in patients undergoing open BPD.