儿童轮状病毒肠炎的临床特点分析

目的探讨儿童轮状病毒肠炎的发生率和临床特点。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2009年12月因腹泻病住院的患者998例,所有患者均收集粪便标本和空腹血清,检测轮状病毒和心肌酶活性等,对其中确诊为轮状病毒肠炎的患者从发病年龄、季节、症状和伴随症状、心肌酶谱检测等方面进行总结。结果 998例腹泻病患者中轮状病毒抗原阳性者399例,阳性检出率39.98%,2岁以下婴幼儿的发病率最高占92.48%。全年均可检出轮状病毒感染,流行状况最高峰是10～12月份,4～5月份有一小高峰。轮状病毒抗原阳性者中77.19%有心肌损害,明显高于轮状病毒抗原阴性者(χ2=45.0,P0.001),而且阳性患者中HBDH、LDH、CK-MB的数值均明显高于阴性患者(P值分别为0.007、0.022、0.005),差异有统计学意义。结论对腹泻病患者应及早、准确地进行粪便轮状病毒抗原的检测,并重视心脏等肠道外脏器损害的检测,以利于早期、及时治疗。

Analysis of the clinical characteristics of rotavirus enteritis in children

Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of rotavirus enteritis in children.Methods A retrospective study was applied to the inpatients with diarrhea in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2009.The rotavirus and the activity of the myocardial enzymes were detected through the stool specimens and the fasting serum.The cases infected by rotavirus enteritis were analyzed on the aspects of age,season,symptoms,associated symptoms and myocardial enzyme detection.Results There were 399 patients with rotavirus antigen-positive detected out of 998 cases suffered from diarrhea.The associated positive rate was 39.98%.In addition,the incidence for the infants(under 2 years old) was significantly high,which reached 92.48%.Rotavirus infection could be detected all the year round with the highest incidence presented from October to December.Nevertheless,a small peak was given from April to May.It was found that about 77.19% patients with rotavirus antigen-positive suffered from myocardial damage,whereas,only 19.2%(χ2=45.0,P<0.001) for patients with rotavirus antigen-negative.Moreover,the discrepancy of the HBDH,LDH and CK-MB for the two groups was significant(P= 0.007,0.022,0.005 respectively).Conclusion In order to facilitate early and timely treatment,the fecal rotavirus antigen of diarrhoetic patients should be detected,and damages to heart should be concerned.