医学寄生虫学发展展望

寄生虫病严重危害第三世界人民的健康,中国也不例外。建国后不久,血吸虫病、疟疾、丝虫病、黑热病及钩虫病的防治列入国家规划。经过30余年的努力,取得了显著成就,但远未能达到全面控制传播。其他寄生虫病的初步调查结果表明:虫种多、流行广。寄生虫病防治任务还很艰巨。国际上寄生虫学科的发展正在趋向于产生分支或交叉学科。免疫寄生虫学与分子寄生虫学已被普遍接受并被认为是今后解决寄生虫病防治的关键学科。解放后我国寄生虫学工作者的队伍不断壮大,对疾病防治作出了很大贡献,充实了理论。从今后寄生虫病防治需要出发,发展生物医学技术,为防治提供工具,将是必然的趋势。为此,作者提出了:引进与提高并重、研究与防治的统一、技术推广要有远见及研究技术转让基层的方法四个问题,并强调加强寄生虫病流行学研究,吸收社会科学知识,用以指导防治,为发展寄生虫学、开辟社会寄生虫学创造条件。

Perspect and Development of Medical Parasitic

Parasitic diseases are highly detrimontal to the health of the people in the Third World, and China makes no exception. Soon after the founding of the People's Republic, control of schistosomiasis, malaria, filariasis, leishmaniasis and ancylostomiasis was put in the national developmental programme. Impotant achievements have been recorded, but transmission of none of them has been completely interrupted. Preliminary survey on other prasitic infections revealed abundance of parasitic species and their wide distribution. The task for the control of parasitic diseasesis still very heavy.Parasitology is now subdivided into several branches while hybridizing with other biological sciences to form immunoparasitology, molecular parasitology and biochemical parasitology which are thought to be most helpful for the solution of key problems in the control of tropical diseases. To meet the needs in disease control in China, new tools from biomedical technology are necessary, but not sufficient. In this context, the author stresses the importance of the following issues: equal emphasis on introduction and improvement, integration of research and practice, foresight in technology deployment, and studies on the methods and efficiency of technology transfer to PHC. The capability in epidemiologic studies should be strengthened and the knowledge of social sciences be used in the planning and implementation of control programmes. It is anticipated that some day a new branch of parasitology-socioparasitology, may emerge.