食管癌的靶向治疗与免疫治疗研究进展

食管癌是一种在全球发病率和致死率都极高的恶性肿瘤，其致病因素复杂、多样，早期无明显症状，大部分患者在初诊时已是中晚期，预后差。常规手术切除结合放化疗的治疗模式已经不能满足当前疾病的治疗需求，亟需寻找新的治疗策略。分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗是近些年兴起的新型治疗方法，打破了食管癌的治疗瓶颈，已经成为食管癌治疗的重要组成部分。该研究就目前食管癌分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗的主要靶点及其相关靶向药物的研究进展进行综述，为精准医学在食管癌领域的应用提供借鉴。

Research progress on targeted therapy and immunotherapy for esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rate in the world and its pathogenic factors are complex and diverse. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and most patients are in the middle to late stage at the initial diagnosis. The prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor. The treatment mode of conventional surgical resection combined with chemoradiotherapy can no longer meet the current treatment needs of disease, and new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy are new treatment methods that have emerged in recent years, which have broken the therapeutic bottleneck and have been proven to play important roles in the treatment of esophageal cancer. The current research progress of the main targets and their related targeted drugs in molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy for esophageal cancer were reviewed in this article, which provided reference for the application of precision medicine in the field of esophageal cancer.