老年心力衰竭患者社会衰弱现状及影响因素研究

目的 调查老年心力衰竭患者社会衰弱现状并分析其影响因素，为针对性干预提供参考。方法 对427例住院老年心力衰竭患者采用一般资料问卷、社会衰弱性指数、衰弱风险筛查工具、简易认知状态评价量表、Barthel指数、心力衰竭患者特异性微型营养评价量表、病人健康问卷进行调查。结果 老年心力衰竭患者社会衰弱总分为13.50（9.50，17.50）分；多元线性回归分析显示，年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、居住地、居住方式、运动锻炼情况、病程、认知障碍、衰弱、日常生活活动能力、营养状态是患者社会衰弱的主要影响因素（均P＜0.05），可解释总变异的64.4%。结论 社会衰弱在老年心力衰竭患者中普遍存在，社会衰弱水平较高，医护人员应重视对患者的社会衰弱评估，密切关注重点人群，制定并实施针对性干预，以预防或延缓社会衰弱的发生发展。

The level and determinants of social frailty among older patients with heart failure

Objective To identify the level and determinants of social frailty in older patients with heart failure (HF), and to provide references for targeted intervention.Methods A total of 427 hospitalized older HF patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Social Vulnerability Index, the FRAIL Scale, the Mini-mental State Examination, the Barthel Index, the Mini-Nutrition Assessment Special for Heart Failure and the Patient Health Questionnaire.Results The median (P25-P75) score of social frailty was 13.50（9.50,17.50）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, education level, marital status, monthly household per capita income, place of residence, mode of residence, exercise frequency, course of disease, cognitive dysfunction, frailty, the ability to perform activities of daily living, and nutritional status were factors affecting social frailty （all P＜0.05）, which explained 64.4% of the variance.Conclusion Social frailty is common among older HF patients, and is at high level.Medical staff should strengthen assessments, pay close attention to vulnerable patients, and develop personalized intervention strategies, to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of social frailty.