碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对兔慢性高眼压视神经轴突的保护作用

目的 研究在兔慢性高眼压动物模型中，碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）对视神经轴突的保护作用。方法 新西兰大白兔22只（44眼），选取20只兔，用前房注入卡波姆的方法制成慢性高眼压动物模型，每只兔随机一眼为bFGF治疗组（20眼），分别于建模同时及建模后7、14、21d重复玻璃体腔内注射2000U/50μL的bFGF；另一眼为外科对照组（20眼），分别于相同时间玻璃体腔内注射等体积的PBS。另外2只兔不做任何注射为正常对照组（4眼）。观察bFGF治疗组和外科对照组两组动物不同时间段的眼底视乳头、杯盘面积比、视神经轴突形态、数目以及建模后28d时视神经轴突超微结构的改变。结果 14d时，外科对照组可见视乳头凹陷开始加深、颜色变淡，血管开始出现移位；21d时，外科对照组视乳头出现明显改变。bFGF治疗组杯盘面积比在14d及以后改变明显较外科对照组小（P＜0.05）。病理学观察可见，在各时期bFGF治疗组较外科对照组视神经纤维数目多，且存在统计学差异（P＜0.01）。电镜观察可见，28d时，外科对照组轴突排列紊乱、髓鞘变性，多见凋亡现象；但bFGF治疗组轴突内结构尚正常。结论 bFGF在慢性高眼压状态下对视神经轴突有保护作用。

Protection of basic fibroblast growth factor on optic nerve axons in high intraocular pressure animal models

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on optic nerve axons in high intraocular pressure of rabbits. Methods Of the 22 rabbits (44 eyes), 2 rabbits (4 eyes) were the normal control group without receiving any injection. Carbomer was randomly injected into the other 20 rabbits′ (40 eyes) anterior chambers to make high intraocular pressure (IOP) models. 50μL of bFGF (2000U) was injected into one vitreous chamber of each rabbit randomly (bFGF therapy eyes), and the same volume of PBS into the other vitreous chambers (surgery control eyes) when making high IOP models and on days 7, 14 and 21 after it. The optic disc of the ocular fundus, cyathus/disc area ratio, number and morphology of optic nerve axons were observed in each period. Ultrastructural changes of optic nerve axons were observed on the 28th day. Results The optic disc became pale, umbilication became deep and blood vessels became curved on the 14th day, and the optic disc obviously changed on the 21st day in the surgery control eyes. C/DAR changes in bFGF therapy eyes were less than those in surgery control eyes(P＜0.05) on the 14th day. The number of optic nerve fibers in bFGF therapy eyes was more than that in surgery control eyes (P＜0.01). Electron microscope examination showed that the arrangement of axons was disordered and the myelinic membrane denatured and apoptosis was frequently in surgery control eyes, and that the structure of axons was approximately normal in bFGF therapy eyes on the 28th day. Conclusion In high intraocular pressure animal models, bFGF can protect the optic nerve axons.