安徽省急性农药中毒流行病学调查及预防措施研究

目的　探讨农药中毒发生的原因、特点及其规律,为进一步加强农药中毒的预防和管理提供科学依据。方法　对安徽省 1996~2004年度发生的 6 744例急性农药中毒病例进行流行病学调查,并对当地使用较多的农药作急性毒性鉴定分析。结果　毒性鉴定分析 112份试样,以低毒为主。744例农药中毒患者,以 18~39岁组为多,占总例数的 59. 34%。中毒多见于第三季度,平均占全年中毒总数的 44. 25%。农药中毒发生与年份、农药品种之间无内在联系。非生产性中毒例数远多于生产性中毒,所引起死亡也存在显著性差异。中毒患者女性多于男性。结论　预防农药中毒的重点是加强个人防护、加强农药管理及有关科普宣传;进一步研制和推广使用高效低毒农药及其防护用品是根本性措施。

An Epidemiologic Survey on Acute Poisoning of Pesticides and Development of Associated Countermeasures

Objective The survey was designed to explore causes, features and laws of acute poisoning of pesticides and provide full support for reinforcing surveillance and management over it. Methods A epidemiologic survey were undertaken for 6744 cases from acute poisoning of pesticides in 1996~2004. Meanwhile a few pesticides dominated locally were given a appraisal on their acute-toxicity. Results Of 112 pesticide samples, most were classified into a category of low toxicity pesticides, while pesticides with high and middle toxicity accounted only for about 30%. Incidence of poisoning in the group aged 18~39 y/o was higher than other age groups with 59.34% of total cases. Most of cases appeared to emerge in the third quarter which accounted for 44.25% of annual cases. No inherent relationship was found between the incidence and "pesticide brands or any year " . Cases caused by non-occupational poisoning were much more than by occupational poisoning. Incidence and mortality of poisoning in female group were significantly higher than in male. Conclusions Preventive measures for acute pesticide poisoning should be focused on personal protection, registration management of pesticides, scientific knowledge popularization, improving qualities of pesticides, and developing some appliances for occupational protection.