中国女子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力测试分析

目的:了解中国国家女子篮球队运动员膝关节等速肌力特征。方法:选用IsoMed 2000等速测试系统,采用60°/s、180°/s、240°/s三种角速度,测试18名中国女篮国家队运动员膝关节等速肌力。根据场上位置将运动员分为三组:后卫组7人(1、2号位),前锋组6人(3、4号位),中锋组5人(5号位),比较分析三组运动员的测试结果。结果:(1)女篮运动员双侧膝关节慢速测试时(60°/s)屈伸肌峰力矩(PT)显著高于快速测试(180°/s,240°/s),膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)随测试速度增加递增,左右膝H/Q无显著性差异。(2)慢速测试时(60°/s),左右膝关节峰力矩、峰力矩/体重比值、平均功率、H/Q无显著差异。(3)快速测试(240°/s)时,左膝屈肌PT、峰力矩/体重比值(PT/BW)显著高于右膝。180°/s测试时,左膝屈肌平均功率显著高于右膝。(4)60°/s测试时,后卫、前锋、中锋运动员PT、PT/BW组间比较无显著性差别。180°/s测试时,后卫运动员左膝屈肌PT与前锋、中锋运动员比较有显著性差异(P=0.02),各组间伸肌PT未见显著差异。240°/s测试时,后卫运动员右膝屈、伸肌PT/BW和中锋运动员比较均存在显著差异;后卫、前锋、中锋三组运动员平均功率、H/Q、总功与峰值功率组间比较均无显著性差别。结论:(1)女篮运动员快速测试(240°/s)时左膝屈肌力量强于右膝,反映快速运动时左右膝关节肌力不平衡。(2)不同场上位置女篮运动员膝关节等速肌力快速测试结果有差异性,提示力量训练应根据场上位置进行特异性训练。(3)女篮运动员需加强屈肌快速力量训练,以提高H/Q,预防膝关节损伤。

Knee Isokinetic Characteristics of Chinese Women Basketball Players

Objective To understand Chinese national women basketball players knee joint isokinetic feature,and to provide quantitive basis for scientific selecting women basketball talents and developing rehabilitation programe.Methods Knee joints of eighteen players from Chinese National Women Basketball Team were measured using Isomed 2000 at 60°/s,180°/s,and 240°/s concentric angular speed.They were divided into three groups according to playing position:7 guards(position 1 and 2),6 forwards(position 3 and 4),and 5 centers(position 5).After analyzing all players tested data,their knee isokinetic features according to player's position were also studied.Results(1)Slow speed(60°/s) knee flexors and extensors peak torque(PT) of Chinese women basketball players were higher than PT of fast speed(180°/s and 240°/s),peak torque knee flexors/extensors ratio(H/Q) increased with increasing of testing angular speed.No significant difference between left and right side in H/Q was found.(2)No significant difference was found in PT,relative peak torque(PT/BW),average power(AP),and H/Q between left and right sides at the slow speed(60°/s).(3)Left knee flexor peak torque(PT),relative peak torque(PT/BW) were higher than right knee at 240°/s,and left knee flexor mean power was higher than right knee at 180°/s.(4)Peak torque and relative peak torque of guards,forwards,centers had no significant difference at 60°/s.The guards showed better peak torque of left knee flexor than forwards and centers at 180°/s(P = 0.02),and there was no difference in extensor PT bilaterally among the three groups.Guards had better relative peak torque than centers at 240°/s bilaterally,while average power,H/Q,total work,and peak power had no significant difference among the three groups.Conclusion(1)Chinese women basketball players' left knee had higher flexor strength at fast isokinectic speed(240°/s),and their bilateral knee joint appeared to be asymmetrical during fast movement.(2)The difference of fast isokinetic test according to playing position indicated specific strength training and conditioning program should be developed.(3)Chinese women basketball player ought to improve knee flexors so to increase H/Q for preventing possible knee injuries.