济南铁路局铁路职业危害因素检测和健康监护结果分析

目的全面了解职业危害因素接触人员的健康状况,探讨职业病危害因素对铁路职工的健康影响及变化趋势,为制定相应干预措施提供依据。方法于2011年3月,选择济南铁路局所辖29个铁路单位的323个职业危害作业点进行检测,对作业人员6 984人,采用普查的调查方法,收集职业病危害因素检测资料和接害人员健康监护资料以及现在采取的有毒有害作业防治措施,研究其流行病学分布规律,分析防治措施存在的不足,提出改进措施。结果铁路企业职业病危害因素粉尘、噪声、毒物分别检测166、169和50个检测点,不合格率分别为12.65%、44.97%、12.0%,平均不合格率为26.75%。在接触物理因素、粉尘、化学毒物3组间胸片、女工乳腺增生、女工子宫及附件囊肿、男工前列腺增生异常率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论铁路接触职业危害因素职工长期接触职业危害因素,健康可能受到一定的影响,应进一步加强卫生防护。

Analysis of railway occupational hazard monitoring and health surveillance result in Jinan Railway Bureau

[Objective]To comprehensively understand the health status of occupation hazards exposed workers,and provide evidence for developing corresponding measures.[Methods]A total of 323 work sites with occupational hazards in 29 railway units of Jinan railway bureau were selected for detection,and 6 984 workers were generally investigated in March 2011.The occupational hazard inspection data,health surveillance data of workers with exposure and the adopted preventive measures were collected,then the study of epidemiological distribution,analysis of shortcomings of prevention and control measures and proposals of improvement were done.[Results] Occupational hazards of dust,noise and toxicant were detected on 166,169 and 50 sites,with unqualified rate of 12.65%,44.97%,12.0%,respectively and 26.75% in average.The significant differences showed in exposure to physical factors,dust,chemical toxicants,chest X-ray films of 3 groups,female mammary gland hyperplasia,female uterus and accessories cysts,abnormal rate of male prostate hyperplasia（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]Long-term exposure to occupational hazards may cause health damage to railway workers,therefore health protection should be further strengthened.