冷应激游泳和冷适应游泳对大鼠心肌和脑组织ATP酶、钙离子及自由基代谢的影响

目的:探讨冷应激游泳和冷适应游泳对大鼠心肌和脑自由基代谢、ATP酶活性和钙离子含量的影响。方法:30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组,每组10只。对照组不运动。冷应激游泳组前5周不运动,第6周末进行3天适应性游泳,每天1次,水温30℃,时间15 min。第7周在8℃水温中游泳1次,时间8 min,运动后即刻处死。冷适应游泳组适应性游泳3天,每天1次,水温30℃,时间15 min。之后进入正式训练:每天1次,起始水温30℃,时间40 min,从第2天起每天水温下降2℃,时间缩短3 min,每周训练6天,持续2周;从第3周起水温和时间保持在10℃、5 min,持续4周;第7周在8℃水温中游泳1次,时间8 min,运动后即刻处死。取材检测心肌和脑组织MDA含量、SOD活性、Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性和Ca2+含量。各组大鼠每周称重1次。结果:冷适应游泳组大鼠体重较对照组和冷应激组显著降低。冷应激游泳组大鼠心肌和脑组织MDA含量较对照组显著升高,SOD、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性显著下降,心肌组织Ca2+含量升高,脑组织Ca2+含量显著升高。冷适应游泳组大鼠心肌和脑组织MDA含量较冷应激游泳组显著下降,SOD、Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性显著升高,心肌、脑组织Ca2+含量下降。结论:冷适应游泳有减重效果,能明显降低心肌和脑组织脂质过氧化损伤,提高其抗氧化系统能力,改善ATP酶活性,维持心肌和脑的正常钙含量。

Effects of Cold Stress Swimming and Cold Adaptation Swimming on the ATP Activity, Content of Ca2+ and Free Radical Metabolism in Myocardium and Brain of Rats

Objective To study the role of cold stress swimming and cold adaptation swimming,and to provide the scientific basis for winter swimming enthusiasts.Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups:sedentary control group(C),cold stress swimming group(CS),and cold stress adaptation swimming group(CA).The rats in group CS swam once a day in the 30℃ water for 15 min by the end of 6th week of experiment,and in 8℃ water for 8 min in the following week,and then they were killed immediately after the last exercise.The rats in group CA swam once a day in 30℃ water for 15 min from the beginning for a total of 3 days,then in 30℃ water for 40 min in the 4th day,and in water decreasing temperature every 2℃ and increasing duration every 3 min every day in the following 2 weeks,once a day,6 days per week.From the 3th week,the rats in group CA swam in 10℃ water 5 min once a day for 4 weeks,and in 8℃ water 8 min in the last week,and they were killed after the last exercise.The MDA content,SOD activity,Na+-K+-ATPase activity,Ca2+-ATPase activity,and Ca2+ content of heart and brain tissues were tested.Results(1)Body weight in group CA was significantly lower than that in the groups C and CS.(2)The MDA content of heart and brain in group CS was significantly higher,and the SOD and ATPase activity were significantly lower than that in the group C.Ca2+ content of the heart and the brain in group CS were higher than that in group C.In group CA,the MDA content of the heart and brain was significantly lower,and the SOD and the ATPase activity were significantly higher than that in group CS.The Ca2+ content of the heart and the brain in group CA was lower than that in group CS.Conclusions Cold adaptation swimming is effective for weight control and can significantly reduce the damages of heart and brain caused by lipid peroxidation,improve the capacity of antioxidant system,ameliorate the activity of ATP and maintain normal calcium content in the myocardium and brain.