Protective effects of apocynin and allopurinol on ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in mice |
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Authors: | Liu Ping-Guo He Song-Qing Zhang Yan-Hong Wu Jian |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Hepatie-Biliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province,China 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Research Program,University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States |
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Abstract: | AIM: To determine the effects of allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, and apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, on oxidant stress and liver injury caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) procedure in mice. METHODS: Nice were pretreated with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, or NADPH oxidase (NOX)inhibitor, apocynin before the hepatic I/R procedure. Then treated or untreated mice underwent the hepatic I/R procedure. The effects on hepatic injury and superoxide anions were determined after starting reperfusion. RESULTS: A standard warm hepatic I/R procedure led to a marked increase in superoxide anion production as indicated by a superoxide anion tracer, MCLA. At the same time, the procedure caused profound acute liver injury, as indicated by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels, reduced liver glutathione levels and elevated malondialdehyde contents, as well as a high apoptotic cell count. All these changes were reversed by the use of apocynin or allopurinol prior to the hepatic I/R procedure. CONCLUSION: AIIopurinol and apocynin exerted protective effects on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The protection is associated with blocking the generation of superoxide anions during the hepatic I/R procedure by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity. |
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Keywords: | Ischemia/reperfusion Reactive oxygen species AIIopurinol,Apocynin NADPH oxidase Xanthine oxidase |
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