提取方式对北豆根“质量-毒性”综合评价模式的影响

目的 对不同提取方式制备的北豆根中生物碱的含量和急性毒性大小进行比较研究,探讨不同提取方式对北豆根“质量-毒性”综合评价模式的影响.方法 以0.5％硫酸为溶剂,用热回流法、超声法、渗漉法、温浸法4种方法提取北豆根总生物碱,用酸碱滴定法测定了总生物碱的含量,用高效液相色谱法测定提取物中蝙蝠葛碱的含量,用经典急性毒性实验法进行急性毒性比较研究.结果 不同提取样品中总生物碱含量大小依次为:超声法＞渗漉法,热回流法和温浸法所得提取样品总生物碱含量无法测出.蝙蝠葛碱的含量是热回流法大于温浸法,但超声法和渗漉法未测出蝙蝠葛碱含量.不同提取方式对小鼠急性毒性最大给药量( MLD)大小为:渗漉法＞超声法＞热回流法＞温浸法,以温浸法所得提取样品的急性毒性最大.结论 提取方式不同,北豆根主要化学成分含量和毒性大小不同,而且其毒性大小与总生物碱和蝙蝠葛碱含量有一定的关系,但不完全一致.说明提取方式对北豆根“质量-毒性”综合评价模式有一定的影响,通过此综合评价模式确定有毒中药的提取方式,更全面客观合理.

The Effeet of Extracting Methods on Quality-Toxicity Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Rhizoma Menispermi

Objective Explore the effeet of extracting methods on ＂quahty toxicity＂ comprehensive evaluation model by comparing the content of alkaloid and acute toxicity from Rhizoma Menispermi extracted by different methods. Methods With 0.5% sulfuric acid as solvent, thermal circumfluence method, ultrasonic method, percolation method, warm immersion method were used to extract total alkaloids from P, hizoma Menispermi, the acid-base titration to determinate the content of the total alkaloid, high performance liquid chromatography to determinate the content of Menispermine, the classical method of acute toxicity to compare acute toxicity. Results In the determination of Menispermine in different components of Rhizoma Menispermi,it was found that the size order of the content of total alkaloids was： ultrasonic method〉percolation method, and the content of the total alkaloid extracted by thermal circumfluence method and warm immersion method could not be measured, the size order of the content of Menispermine was： thermal circumfluence method〉warm immersion method, but the content of Menispermine extracted by the ultrasonic method and percolation method could not be measured. Different extraction methods on tile size of the acute toxicity in mice the maximum administered dose（MLD）： percolation method〉ultrasonic method〉thermal circumfluence method〉warm immersion method. The acute toxicity of warm immersion method was maximum. Conclusion Under different extracting methods, the content of main chemical composition and toxicity was different, and there was a certain relationship between its toxicity and the content of total alkaloids and Menispermine, but not completely consistent. There was certain effect of extracting methods on ＂quality toxicity＂ comprehensive evaluation model. It was more comprehensive, objective and reasonable to determine extraction methods of toxic Chinese medicine through the comprehensive evaluation model.