武汉市某区中小学教师不同年度体检结果对比分析

目的通过两年的体检结果比较分析城市中小学教师的总体健康状况。方法将武汉市硚口区中小学的全体教师参加体检2006年的5526例与2008年的4482例，比较分析两年度正常人数与异常人数比率，以及两年度体重、血压、血脂、空腹血糖、肝功能、心电图异常及脂肪肝、乙肝感染、结石性疾病在总体人群及35岁以下、36～55岁、56岁以上三个年龄阶段人群的发病率，采用χ^2检验。结果2008年体检见异常人数的比率较2006年上升（χ^2=28．35，P〈0．05）；血压偏高者发病率呈下降趋势（χ^2=4．51，P〈0．05），而体重指数、血脂、空腹血糖、肝功能转氨酶、心电图异常者，脂肪肝、结石性疾病（包括胆石症、肾结石）等疾病呈上升趋势（P〈0．05）；血脂异常、脂肪肝、转氨酶异常、心电图异常的各年龄阶段的人群发病率均呈上升趋势（P〈0．05）；空腹血糖偏高、结石性疾病的发病率增加均在35岁以上人群（P〈0．05）。结论两年的时间里中小学教师除血压偏高、乙肝感染外，各常见疾病发病率呈上升趋势，特别是青中年尤为值得关注，应该加强对城市中小学教师的健康管理。

Health examination results of primary or middle school teachers

Objective To investigate health status of primary or middle school teachers. Methods A total of 4482 physical examination results of the teachers from Qiaokou District of Wuhan in 2008 were compared with 5526 data obtained in 2006. The rate of healthy to unhealthy participants was evaluated. The overall and age-specific disease incidence,including overweight, hypertension, hyperlipidmia, hyperglycemia, liver dysfunction, abnormal ECG, concrement, adiposis hepatica, and HBV infection,was recorded. χ^2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results Abnormal examination results were more common in 2008 when compared with those in 2006 （ χ^2 = 28. 35, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The incidence of hypertension was descended （ χ^2 = 4.51 ,P 〈 0. 05 ） , although the rates of hyperlipidimia, hyperglycemia, liver dysfunction, abnormal ECG, couerement, and adiposis hepatica were increased in 2008 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The incidence of hyperlipidimia, liver dysfunction, abnormal ECG,and adiposis hepatica increased in all age groups （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The incidence of hyperglycemia and concrement increased in those 〉 35 years old （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion Except for hypertension and HBV infection, the incidence of common diseases has been increased in the young and middle-aged teachers during the last 2 years. Thus the health management for the primary or middle school teacher should be improved in the future.