蓄电池制造业工人铅暴露及血铅影响因素分析

目的了解蓄电池制造行业铅污染状况,分析接铅工人血铅影响因素,为铅中毒的预防提供科学依据。方法通过对生产车间铅烟铅尘浓度检测和接铅工人职业健康检查收集数据,采用SPSS13.0统计软件对数据进行分析。血铅水平单因素分析采用t检验、方差分析,多因素分析采用有序logis-tic回归分析。结果生产车间铅尘、铅烟的短时间接触浓度均数为分别为0.191mg/m3、0.067mg/m3,超标率分别为41.67%、18.75%。单因素分析表明性别、年龄、工龄、抽烟、饮酒、工作所在部门、工种均是接铅工人血铅水平的影响因素。多因素分析表明性别、饮酒、工种是血铅水平等级提高的危险因素。结论加强对铅尘、铅烟重点超标岗位的治理。铸造/铅粉、裁减、研磨、焊接等工种的男性接铅工人为慢性铅中毒的高危人群,提倡戒酒,加强个体防护。

Lead exposure and blood lead analysis of influence factors about workers worked in industry of storage battery

Objective To understand the lead pollution of industry of storage battery and analyze the influence factors about blood lead of workers exposed to lead,to provide the scientific basis for prevention of lead poisoning.Methods Through monitoring the concentrations of lead fume /lead dust in the workplace,collecting the occupational health examination of workers,using SPSS13.0 statistical software to analyze the data.Univariate analysis used t test,ANOVA,multivariate analysis used ordered logistic regression analysis.Results The concentration of lead dust/lead fume in the workplaces were 0.191 mg/m3、0.067 mg/m3 respectively.The frequency of lead higher than national standard in the workshops were 41.67,18.75%.Univariate analysis showed that sex,age,length of service,smoking,drinking,type of work all were the influence factors of blood lead levels in workers exposed to lead.Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that sex,drinking,type of work were the risk factors for high blood lead levels.Conclusions Strengthened governing the key posts of lead pollution. Male workers worked on casting,lead power,cutting,grind,welding were the high risk population of chronic lead poisoning,they should not drink,must enhance personal protection.