Cell survival,activation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells: modulation by extracellular matrix proteins

Aim: Cytokines and growth factors released by various hepatic cells exert both paracrine and autocrine effects on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation during liver injury. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) influences the activation, transdifferentiation and survival of HSCs. Methods: An in vitro model system of isolated HSCs maintained in culture on different matrix protein substrata was employed. Results: The rate of loss of HSC‐specific retinol uptake activity and gain of myofibroblast‐like activity such as ³⁵[S] proteoglycan synthesis varied in cells maintained on different matrix proteins and was in the order collagen I > collagen IV ≥ laminin. ³[H]‐thymidine incorporation by HSCs maintained on different matrix proteins varied and was in the order collagen I > collagen IV > laminin. MTT assay revealed that the growth inhibition in response to curcumin was significantly low in cells maintained on collagen I. Apoptotic marker activities such as DNA fragmentation, 4′,6′‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining, annexin staining and caspase‐3 activities showed that cells maintained on collagen I showed minimal apoptosis than those maintained on collagen IV, laminin and polylysine, showing the influence of ECM on HSC apoptosis. Experiments using blocking antibodies showed that the collagen I effect was mediated through α₂β₁ integrin. Conclusions: These results indicate that ECM influences activation, transdifferentiation and survival of HSCs, and suggest that apart from diffusible factors, the surrounding ECM also influences HSC behavior critical in both the progression of the fibrosis and the restitution of the liver during recovery after hepatic injury.