北京山区3所小学学龄儿童膳食营养素摄入量与生长发育状况研究

目的：了解北京近郊山区学龄儿童膳食营养素摄入量与体格发育状况，方法：采用膳食调查等方法调查学龄儿童膳食营养素摄入量状况；测量其同期身高，体重，计算身体质量指数（BMI）并与正常参考值比较。结果：（1）受检儿童膳食能量、蛋白质、铁、硫胺素与维生素C平均每日摄入量均达RDA的85％以上，膳食钙、锌、视黄醇与核黄素分别低于RDA的70％，膳食钙摄入量仅占RDA的36．9％。（2）食物频率调查显示，食物构成比较单调，经常摄入的是米，面和蔬菜，而鱼类，肉类、猪肝、豆制品等很少摄入，经常不吃早餐的儿童占27．1％，早餐食物质量不高，主要为方便面，米饭，缺乏牛肉，豆浆，鸡蛋等。（3）平均身高，体重与全国调研标准基本符合。男生超重检出率为9．77％，肥胖检出率为4．78％；女生超重检出率为10．93％，肥胖检出率为2．50％，结论：该人群膳食主体是以植物性食物为主，缺少动脉性食物，豆类及其制品，属温饱型膳食结构，应采取合理的综合干预措施，有效地改善其膳食营养状况。

Dietary Nutrients Intakes and Growth and Development Status of School-age Children in BeijinGMountainous Area

Objective To understand dietary nutrients intakes and growth and development status of school-age children in suburb mountainous area of Beijing, and to provide scientific basis for developing further interventions. Methods Their intakes of dietary nutrients were obtained with the methods of dietary survey and food frequency survey. Meanwhile, their height and weight were measured, their body mass index was calculated, and the measurements and index were compared with the corresponding national reference values.Results The intakes of energy, protein, iron, thiamine and vitamin C were more than 80% of their corresponding RDAs, but the intakes of calcium, zinc, retinol equivalent and riboflavin were less than 70% of the corresponding RDAs, in which calcium intake was only 36.9% of RDA. Dietary structure was simple, which included more rice, wheat flour and vegetables, and less marine products, meats, liver of pig, bean products. About 27.1% of children often skipped breakfast, foods in breakfast were nutritionally inadequate; instant noodle and cooked rice were the foods most frequently included in breakfast, but beef, bean milk and hens' egg were very rare. Their mean height and weight were accord with the corresponding national reference values. The percentages of overweight and obese boys were 9.77% and 4.78%; the percentages of overweight and obese girls were 10.93% and 2.50%.Conclusions Vegetable foods are the most frequent, but the animal foods and bean products are deficient in diets of the population. The effective comprehensive interventions should be developed in order to improve nutritional status of rural school-age children of mountainous areas.