Downward social comparison and subjective well-being in late life: The moderating role of perceived control |
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| Authors: | Tara L. Stewart Judith G. Chipperfield Joelle C. Ruthig Jutta Heckhausen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology , Idaho State University , Pocatello , ID , USA;2. Department of Psychology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada;3. Department of Psychology , University of North Dakota , Grand Forks , ND , USA;4. School of Social Ecology, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA |
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| Abstract: | Objective: Drawing from Heckhausen and Schulz's Motivational Theory of Life-span Development, this study examined perceived control as a moderator of the protective relationship between downward social comparison and subjective well-being among older adults. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults (N?=?97, 63% female, ages 79–97) were interviewed in their own homes at three time-points over a nine-year period. Interviews assessed older adults’ perceived control over daily tasks, their use of downward social comparison in response to task restriction, and their subjective well-being. Results: Regression analyses yielded a significant interaction between downward social comparison and perceived control for three subjective well-being outcomes: life satisfaction, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms. Follow-up analyses revealed that downward social comparison was associated with greater subjective well-being at low levels of perceived control; but was unrelated to subjective well-being at high levels of perceived control. Conclusion: These findings corroborate Heckhausen and Schulz's theorized goal-opportunity congruence premise and have implications for quality-of-life interventions to assist community-dwelling older adults. |
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| Keywords: | downward social comparison older adults subjective well-being secondary control perceived control |
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