胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折三维有限元模型的建立和应力分析

目的 建立脊柱胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折及邻近节段的有限元模型,并对模型进行初步的生物力学分析.方法 利用交互式医学图像控制系统MIMICS软件对患者的CT图片进行预处理,后导入大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS中建立三维有限元模型.建立了胸10-腰2四个运动单元的三维模型,并且准确模拟了椎间盘、软骨终板、关节突关节以及连接韧带.通过设置0.3、1.0、4.0 Mpa 3种轴向载荷进行力学分析,观察力学改变情况.结果 当轴向压力以0.3、1.0、4.0MPa增加后,椎间盘、软骨终板和椎体整体的应力也成比例增加.椎间盘所受应力分布不均;各椎体前部所受应力最大,而后部结构所受应力较小,椎体局部出现受力较大情况,尤以相邻椎体更为明显.结论 本研究的有限元模型符合胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床特点,模拟了其生物力学特性.

Three-dimensional finite element model of thoracolumbar spine with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

Objective To build a three-dimensional finite element model of thoracolumbar spine with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)and analyze its biomechanical change. Methods The T10-L2 segment data were obtained from computed tomography(CT)scans of an elderly female with a single T12 OVCF. A three-dimensional finite element model of thoracolumbar spine was constructed with the MIMICS and ABAQUS software. The model was composed of bony vertebrae, articulating facets,intervertebral disc and associated ligaments. The basic stress analysis of T10-L2 motion segment was made for different material properties of bone, ligaments and facet joints contacting frictional property. The stress on the annulus fiber, nucleus pulposus, endplate and facet joints under axial pressure(0. 3 MPa, 1.0 MPa,4. 0 MPa)were analyzed. Results A three-dimensional finite element model of human T12-L2 motion segment had 617468 elements. And the stress was higher in vertebral body than posterior structure. The distribution of pressure stresses in intervertebral disc was asymmetrical. The stress increased with a rising axial pressure. Conclusion 3D finite element model of thoracolumbar OVCF and adjacent segments are successfully established. The results of stress analysis are both feasible and reliable.