艾滋病病人就业歧视现状及相关影响因素的调查

目的 通过对艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病人（HIV/AIDS）在就业中的歧视情况调查,了解其就业歧视的现状及影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查研究方法,在7省（区）对2432例HIV/AIDS进行问卷调查,分析就业歧视中的相关影响因素。结果 42.1%的调查对象报告既往遭受过就业歧视,单因素分析显示：男性（χ²=24.922,P<0.001）、年龄小（χ²=141.829,P<0.001）、文化程度高（χ²=93.516,P<0.001）、未婚（χ²=114.193,P<0.001）、学生（χ²=112.897,P<0.001）、吸毒和男男感染（χ²=73.182,P<0.001）、检出时间早（χ²=42.749,P<0.001）等因素易导致就业歧视。多因素分析结果显示,文化程度较高者（OR=1.204, 95%CI:1.079~1.343）, 未婚者（OR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.197~1.896）, 待业/失业者（OR=2.187,95%CI:1.577~3.032）,企业员工/个体户（OR=1.692, 95%CI: 1.253~2.285）,学生（OR=1.844, 95%CI: 1.066~3.190）,经吸毒途径感染（OR=2.211,95%CI=1.772~2.759）,经男男性行为途径感染（OR=0.249,95%CI：1.926~3.313）报告更易遭受就业歧视,年龄越大者（OR=0.767,95%CI: 0.697~0.844）遭受就业歧视比例越低。结论 应采取针对性的改善措施,降低就业歧视,进而逐步达到消除就业歧视的目标。

Study on the prevalence and risk factors of employment related discrimination and stigma experienced by HIV/AIDS cases.

Objective To investigate the discrimination experienced by HIV/ AIDS cases at work, and to understand the influential factors of the discrimination.. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 2432 HIV positive cases and AIDS patients from 7 provinces were interviewed about their past experiences when seeking job or at work. Results 42.1% subjects reported having experienced employment related discrimination. Univariate analysis showed that male gender（χ2=24.922,P< 0.001）, being young（χ2=141.829,P< 0.001）, higher education（χ2=93.516,P< 0.001）, being unmarried（χ2=114.193,P< 0.001）, being students （χ2=112.897,P< 0.001）, infected HIV through drug use and homosexual behaviour（χ2=73.182,P< 0.001）, early detection time （χ2=42.749,P< 0.001） were statistically significantly related to discrimination. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that subjects with higher education（OR=1.204, 95%CI:1.079~1.343）, being unmarried（OR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.197~1.896）, being jobless(OR=2.187,95%CI:1.577~3.032）,working in private sectors(OR=1.692, 95%CI: 1.253~2.285）,being students（OR=1.844, 95%CI: 1.066~3.190）,infected through drug use（OR=2.211,95%CI=1.772~2.759）, infected through homosexual behaviour（OR=0.249,95%CI1.926~3.313）reported more job related discrimination, while older ones（OR=0.767,95%CI: 0.697~0.844） reported less discrimination。Conclusions Targeted measures should be taken to reduce and eliminate ultimately the employment related discriminations.