秦皇岛地区交通噪声暴露对公交车司机血压的影响

目的 探讨秦皇岛地区交通噪声暴露对公交车司机血压的影响。 方法 2015年1-9月随机抽取秦皇岛地区的400名公交车驾驶司机作为研究对象,对公交车司机的一般资料与噪声敏感和烦恼情况进行调查,同时进行交通噪声暴露的测定,对交通噪声暴露对公交车司机血压的影响进行相关性分析,同时对高血压发病因素进行相关性分析、多元logistic回归分析。 结果 在调查的400名司机中,确诊为高血压100例,高血压患病率为25.0%;400名司机中处于低噪声组的为90例(22.5%),中噪声组的为210例(52.5%),高噪声组100例(25%)。高血压司机的噪声烦恼性与敏感性评分分别为(21.45±4.58)分和(75.30±14.85)分,而非高血压司机的评分分别为(10.87±5.23)分和(52.98±12.46)分,高血压司机的噪声烦恼性与敏感性评分均显著高于非高血压司机(P<0.05)。直线相关分析结果显示噪声环境、体重指数、噪声烦恼性评分、噪声敏感性评分、吸烟、饮酒、工作年限与收缩压和舒张压存在明显的相关性(r_收缩压=0.198、 0.253、 0.305、 0.223、 0.231、 0.129、 0.256; r_舒张压=0.292、 0.313、 0.149、 0.223、 0.374、0.287、 0.375;均P=0.000)。多元logistic回归分析显示噪声环境(OR=1.093, 95%CI: 1.009~1.099, P=0.000)、体重指数(OR=3.982, 95%CI: 1.387~10.398, P=0.000)、噪声烦恼性评分(OR=21.877, 95%CI: 6.733~71.398, P=0.000)、噪声敏感性评分(OR=10.832, 95%CI: 3.009~35.419, P=0.000)、吸烟(OR=2.445, 95%CI: 1.948~8.343, P=0.000)为导致高血压发病的主要独立危险因素。 结论 公交车司机经常处于交通噪声暴露中,高血压患病率比较高,对于噪声烦恼性与敏感性存在差异,要积极根据危险因素进行针对性干预。

Impact of traffic noise exposure on blood pressure of bus drivers in Qinhuangdao region

Objective To explore the influence of traffic noise exposure on blood pressure of bus drivers in Qinhuangdao region. Methods Four hundred bus drivers in Qinhuangdao region were randomly selected as the research subjects from January to September 2015. General Information, noise sensitivity and annoyance condition of the bus drivers were investigated. Meanwhile, traffic noise exposure was measured. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the influence of traffic noise exposure on blood pressure. Correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the pathogenic factors of hypertension. Results One hundred bus drivers were confirmed to have hypertension, with the prevalence rate of 25.0%(100/400). Among the 400 drivers, 90 (22.5%) cases were exposed to noise lower than 50dB(A) , 210 (52.5%) to noise of 70~85dB(A) and 100 (25%) to noise ≥85dB(A). The scores of noise annoyance (21.45±4.58) and noise sensitivity (75.30±14.85) in drivers with hypertension were significantly higher than those without hypertension (10.87±5.23 and 52.98±12.46) (both P<0.05). Linear correlation analysis indicated that noise environment(r=0.198, r=0.292), body mass index (BMI) (r=0.253, r=0.313), the score of noise annoyance(r=0.305, r=0.149), the score of noise sensitivity(r=0.223, r=0.223), smoking(r=0.231, r=0.374), drinking (r=0.129, r=0.287) and years of working(r=0.256, r=0.375) had obvious correlations with systolic pressure and diastolepressure (all P=0.000). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that noise environment (OR=1.093, 95.0%CI: 1.009-1.099, P=0.000), BMI (OR=3.982, 95.0%CI: 1.387-10.398, P=0.000), the score of noise annoyance (OR=21.877, 95.0%CI: 6.733-71.398, P=0.000), the score of noise sensitivity (OR=10.832, 95.0%CI: 3.009-35.419, P=0.000) and smoking (OR=2.445, 95.0%CI: 1.948-8.343, P=0.000) were the main independent risk factors for hypertension. Conclusions Due to frequent exposure to traffic noise, bus drivers have high prevalence of hypertension and different noise annoyance and sensitivity. Targeted intervention based on risk factors should be taken.