Course of adolescent headache: 4-year annual face-to-face follow-up study |
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Authors: | Necdet Karlı Aylin Bican Mehmet Zarifoğlu |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Uludag, 16059 Bursa, Turkey |
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Abstract: | The objective of this study is to investigate the course of the diagnosis and characteristics of headache in 12- to 17-year-old
adolescents during a follow-up period of 4 years. Headache prevalence and characteristics, and even the type of headache show
important changes during adolescence. The course of adolescent headache might reveal important insight into the pathophysiology
of headache. Subjects who received a single headache diagnosis were invited to participate in a follow-up study consisting
of annual face-to-face evaluation of the subjects for 4 years. Subjects who had only one type of headache and who agreed to
participate were included in the study. Each subject had four annual semi-structured interviews with a neurology resident.
The International Classification of Headache Disorders second edition was used for case definitions. A total of 87 subjects
completed the study: 64 girls (73.56%) and 23 boys (26.44%) (p = 0.016). The headache type included migraine in 50 adolescents (57.47%), tension type headache in 24 (27.59%), secondary
headache in 5 (5.7%), and non-classifiable headache in 8 (9.2%). Headache has not remitted in any of the subjects. Headache
diagnosis has changed in eighteen (20.69%) subjects at least once during the follow-up period. There was transformation of
headache type in 4 of 50 with migraine (8%), 10 of 24 with tension-type headache (TTH) (41.7%), and 4 of 13 with other headaches
(30.8%). In conclusion, transition of headache types from one type to another (more than once in some adolescents) and variability
of diagnosis throughout the years strongly support the continuum theory of headaches. |
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Keywords: | Adolescent Headache Migraine Tension-type headache Course Transformation |
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