肺栓塞21例临床分析

本文总结了21例无其它心肺疾患肺栓塞患者的临床特点。发现：（1）患者发病平均年龄41±12岁。（2）病程在一个月以内者6例（29％），一个月以上者15例（71％）。（3）呼吸困难是最常出现的症状（81％），呼吸困难和／或胸痛发生率为95％。（4）动脉血氧分压低于60mmHg占47％。（5）T波倒置是最常出现的心电图异常。（6）超声心动图异常发生率为93％。（7）胸部X线检查示肺不张和／或肺实质异常发生率为40％。（8）43％的患者有下肢静脉血栓证据。所有这些发现，虽然并非确诊肺栓塞的必不可少的要素，但应视为通过合理的分析，可以提高诊断肺栓塞敏感性和特异性的基础。

Clinical Characteristics of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients without Preexisting Cardiac or Pulmonary Disease

The clinical characteristics were assessed in 21 patients with pulmonary embolism uncomplicated bypreexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. The results were as fellow: (1) The patients had a mean age of 41 ± 12years. (2) 6 of 21 patients had the interval between onset of symptom and diagnosis within one month, the other15 cases more than one month. (3) Dypnea was the most frequent symptom (81%), dyspnea and/or chest painwere present in 20 of 21 (95%). (4) The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood was < 60mmHg in 7 of 15(47%). (5) T - wave inversion was the most common electrocardiogrphic abnormality. (6) The echocardiographwas abnormal in 14 of 15(93%). (7) Atelectasis and/or pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities were the most common x - ray chest findings. (8) Signs of leg deep venous thrombosis were found in 9 of 21 (43%). All these findings, though were not the diagnostic essentials for PE, should be considered as basic signs to enhance the sensitivityand specifity of diagnosis by reasoable analysis.