中医四诊信息采集的方法与原则

四诊信息是疾病表现于外的信息的抽象概括,其质与量关系到对疾病的分析和判断。以整体观念为基础,中医诊断分别从望、闻、问、切4条不同途径诊察和收集病情信息,其原理是“司外揣内”。目前,临床四诊信息采集的不全面、不可靠已经成为影响中医辨证的突出问题,故在进行四诊信息采集时既要重视不同诊法的特殊性,又要强调诊法合参的“全面性”,更提倡借助于现代系统科学技术,实现中医诊断客观、量化,以保证信息采集过程的“规范性”和所采信息的“准确性”。因此,文章再次梳理中医四诊的含义,从不同角度、多个层次详细解释了四诊信息采集需遵循全面、规范、准确的原则,为进一步规范中医四诊信息采集、促进辨证的正确性提供理论与可实践思路。

Methods and principles of information collection in four diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis includes four aspects:looking,smelling and listening,asking and cutting. They are important means for TCM to obtain information about the four diagnoses. The four diagnostic information is an abstract summary of the disease information manifested. Its quality and quantity are related to the analysis and judgment of the disease. On the basis of the overall concept,TCM diagnoses and collects disease information is based on four different ways,namely,looking,smelling,asking and cutting. At present,the incomplete and unreliable collection of clinical four-diagnosis information has become a prominent problem affecting TCM syndrome differentiation. Therefore,when collecting the four-diagnosis information,we must pay attention to the particularities of different diagnostic methods and emphasize the "comprehensiveness" of combining diagnostic methods. We also advocate the use of modern system science and technology to achieve objective and quantitative diagnosis of TCM to ensure the "standardization" of the information collection process and the "accuracy" of the information collected. Therefore,this article sorts out the meaning of the four diagnosis of TCM again,and explains in detail from different perspectives and multiple levels that the collection of the four diagnosis information must follow the principle of comprehensive,standardized and accurate,which provides further standardization of the collection of the four diagnosis of TCM information and promotes the correctness of the syndrome theory and practical ideas.