A Phase-II Clinical Trial of Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy with D2 Lymph Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer Patients

Objectives This study was conducted to determine whether laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with complete D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is a safe and effective surgical option. Methods During an 8-month period, 64 patients, who were diagnosed preoperatively as having T1-2, N0-1 or M0 gastric cancer, were prospectively enrolled to undergo LADG with D2 lymph node dissection; two surgeons with experience of over 50 cases of laparoscopic gastrectomy performed the procedures. The compliance rate, defined as cases with no more than one missing lymph node station according to the Japanese Research Society of Gastric Cancer (JRSGC) lymph node grouping, for the open gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was 66.0% in a pilot study and was used for calculations of sample size. Compliance rate and other surgical outcomes, including the number of retrieved lymph nodes from each lymph node station, morbidities, mortalities and conversion rate, were analyzed. Results The compliance rate was 67.2% and was similar to that of open distal gastrectomy reported in the pilot study. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 50.1 (range 20–100). The most frequently missed lymph node station was no. 5 (31.2%) followed by no. 3 (25.0%). There were no missed lymph nodes at stations no. 6 and 9. The complication rate was 3.1% (2/66); there were two conversions (3.0%) and no mortalities. Conclusions The current study suggests that LADG with D2 lymph node dissection is oncologically feasible, and phase-III clinical trials will be needed.