中国适龄女性乳腺癌筛查服务的可及性——筛查率及其构成分析

目的 分析中国适龄女性乳腺癌筛查率及其不同筛查服务类型的构成。方法 基于核心文献、相关官方网站、项目或调查报告等,摘录现有全国性调查中女性乳腺筛查率数据并进行整合分析,对40~69岁及35~64岁组筛查率进行标化和比较(用2010年普查人口结构)。检索乳腺癌筛查服务类型构成(组织性筛查、体检及机会性筛查)相关期刊文献,分析3种筛查服务类型的检出文献量、单篇筛查人数中位数等,并以其为权重估算筛查服务类型的构成比。结果 共查到6次全国性的乳腺癌筛查率相关报道,其中国家卫生服务调查2次(2013、2018年),中国CDC"慢性病监测系统"4次(调查起始年份分别为2010年、2013年以及2015年2次)。2015年中国40~69岁女性1年内、2年内和3年内的乳腺癌筛查率分别为16.9%、20.2%和21.4%。乳腺癌既往筛查率有所变化,40~69岁女性分别为2013年的21.1%和2015年的23.5%,35~64岁女性分别为23.3%和25.7%。选择2015年发表的期刊文献行综述分析,共纳入130篇,其中涉及组织性筛查、体检及机会性筛查的篇数分别占71.0%、23.7%和5.3%,估算2015年对应筛查类型个体服务量分别占总体的88.0%、11.2%和0.8%。结论 2015年中国适龄女性乳腺癌筛查率高于2013年,文献综述分析初步提示中国当下乳腺癌筛查服务类型以组织性筛查服务为主。

Access to breast cancer screening among females in China:a focus report on screening rate and composition

Objective To systematically integrate and analyze the breast cancer screening rates among females in China and to estimate the composition of different screening service types. Methods Based on core literature, relevant official websites, projects/survey reports, and information on breast cancer screening rates of Chinese females were extracted and analyzed, and the screening rates for 40-69 years old and 35-64 years old were standardized and compared using 2010 China''s population structure. The literature review method was used to retrieve the journal literature related to the composition of breast cancer screening services types (organized screening, physical examination and opportunistic screening). The number of detected literature and the median sample size of individual screening people of the three screening service types were analyzed, and used them as weights to estimate the composition of screening service types. Results A total of 6 related national surveys on breast cancer screening rate were identified, including 2 from the National Health Service Surveys (broader definition of "breast screening" in 2013, 2018) and 4 from the chronic disease monitoring system of China CDC (the exact definition of "breast cancer screening" in 2010, 2013 and twice in 2015). The age-standardized analysis indicated that 1-year, 2-year and 3-year breast cancer screening rates in 2015 among females in China aged 40-69 years old were 16.9%, 20.2% and 21.4%, respectively. The ever-breast cancer-screened rates were 21.1% in 2013 and 23.5% in 2015 among females aged 40-69, and the corresponding rates were 23.3% and 25.7%, respectively, among females aged 35-64. When taking the literature published in 2015 for further literature review, 130 articles were included, in which the proportions of numbers of reports on organized screening, physical examination, and opportunistic screening were 71.0%, 23.7%, and 5.3%, respectively. Along with the extracted data on median sample sizes (shown in the main text) by breast cancer screening types, it was estimated that the individual service volume of corresponding screening types accounted for 88.0%, 11.2% and 0.8% among all the screened females in China in 2015. Conclusions The breast cancer screening rates among females of appropriate age in China in 2015 are higher than those in 2013. The literature review analysis preliminarily suggested that the current breast cancer screening service type in China is mainly organized screening service.