三七生长年限对5个皂苷及其抗血栓作用的影响

目的 通过比较分析不同生长年限对三七质量、皂苷含量及抗血栓作用的影响，为确定三七药材适宜的采收年限提供数据支持。方法 建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定三七中人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Re、三七皂苷R₁ 5个主要皂苷，比较1—6年不同生长年限的三七有效成分的积累情况。同时，利用斑马鱼血栓模型比较1、2、3年生三七的抗血栓作用。结果 1—3年生三七质量、5个皂苷含量均随生长年限的增加逐渐累积，其中人参皂苷Rg₁和人参皂苷Rb₁的含量均较高，随年限变化最显著；而4—6年生三七中质量、皂苷含量受批次个体等影响较大，皂苷含量波动较大，与3年生三七相比差异无统计学意义。1—3年生三七抗血栓作用比较中发现，在相同剂量下，生长年限越长，疗效越好；在相同生长年限下，剂量越大，疗效越好。结论 综合品质、产量、种植成本及活性等因素，结合目前产地种植三七的实际情况，3年生三七整体品质较高且趋于稳定，可为三七标准化采收提供依据。

Effect of Growing Years of Panax Notoginseng on Saponins and Their Antithrombotic Effect

Objective To provide an experimental basis for determining the appropriate harvesting years by comparing the active ingredients, antithrombotic effects, and ginsenoside content of Panax notoginseng of different years.Methods A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of ginsenosides Rg₁, Rb₁, Rd, Re, and R₁ in P. notoginseng. The accumulation of ginsenosides in P. notoginseng of 1-6 years old was compared. Meanwhile, a zebrafish model of thrombosis was used to determine the antithrombotic effect of P. notoginseng of 1, 2, and 3 years old.Results The medicinal part weight and five ginsenosides of P. notoginseng increased gradually with the increase in growth years within the range of 1-3 years. The content of ginsenosides Rg₁ and Rb₁ were higher and changed most significantly over the years. The medicinal part weight and ginsenoside content of P. notoginseng of 4-6 years old mainly showed differences between batches and between individuals, and the ginsenoside content fluctuated greatly with no statistical difference compared with that in 3-year-old P. notoginseng. In the case of the same dose, the antithrombotic effect of P. notoginseng enhanced over time within 3 years. For P. notoginseng with the same growing years, the higher dose had better antithrombotic effect.Conclusion Considering multiple factors such as quality, yield, planting cost, activity, and the actual situation of P. notoginseng cultivation in the current production area, we conclude that the overall quality of 3-year-old P. notoginseng is high and tends to be stable, which can provide a basis for standardized harvesting of P. notoginseng.