乳腺X射线摄影中受检者辐射剂量评估研究进展

乳腺X射线摄影在乳腺癌的筛查和诊疗中发挥了重要作用, 但X射线的使用在提高乳腺癌检出率的同时也会增加乳腺癌的发病风险, 这种风险随着辐射剂量的增加而变大。乳房腺体组织是辐射敏感组织, 国际社会非常关注乳腺X射线摄影检查中受检者平均腺体剂量的评估。传统的二维乳腺X射线摄影和数字乳腺体层合成摄影中受检者剂量学研究已较为成熟, 较新的乳腺锥形束CT扫描中受检者剂量的评估方法尚在研究阶段。本文对不同类型乳腺X射线摄影检查设备中受检者辐射剂量的评估方法及辐射剂量相关影响因素的研究现状进行综述和探讨。

Research progress in the average glandular dose during mammography

Mammography has played an essential role in the screening and treatment of breast cancer. However, the application of X-rays will also increase the risks of breast cancer while improving its detection rate. Moreover, the risks will increase with an increase in the radiation dose. Since the glandular tissue in breasts is sensitive to radiation, the evaluation of the average glandular dose (AGD) in mammography has attracted considerable international attention. Compared to relatively mature dosimetric studies on traditional two-dimension mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis, the method for the dose evaluation of the new cone beam CT for breasts are still subjected to research. This paper reviews and explores the current status of studies on the assessment method and relevant influencing factors of AGD under different types of mammography equipment.