江苏省2006-2021年老年人非故意跌倒/坠落伤害流行病学特征

目的 了解2006-2021年江苏省老年人非故意跌倒/坠落伤害(EUFI)的流行病学特征及其影响因素,为开展预防老年人跌倒/坠落伤害工作,制定相关政策提供科学依据。方法 描述江苏省伤害监测哨点医院首诊EUFI病例的流行病学特征;采用logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 2006-2021年江苏省哨点监测医院中EUFI病例数量呈上升趋势,始终居老年人非故意伤害发生原因的首位,EUFI病例在老年人非故意伤害病例总数的占比呈上升趋势。男女性别比为1:1.4。EUFI病例发生的高峰时间段为8:00~10:00(32.7%),发生地点主要为家中(63.6%);2006-2014年伤害发生时活动前3位为休闲活动(62.1%)、家务/学习(23.1%)和工作(5.2%);2015-2021年伤害发生时活动前3位为休闲活动(41.7%)、家务/学习(22.6%)和步行(20.5%);伤害的性质主要为骨折(39.9%);受伤部位主要为下肢(32.5%);损伤程度以轻度损伤(60.3%)为主,主要结局为处理后离院(74.1%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、高龄、外省/外籍、冬季、公共居住场所、家务/学习和休闲活动是江苏省EUFI的危险因素;文化程度较高、职业为家政和生产运输设备操作业是保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论 跌倒/坠落伤害是江苏省老年人非故意伤害发生的主要原因,高龄女性是非故意伤害的高危人群,EUFI干预应根据其分布特征采取相应措施。

Epidemiological characteristics of falls in the elderly in Jiangsu from 2006 to 2021

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of elderly unintentional fall-related injuries (EUFI) in Jiangsu from 2006 to 2021 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of falls in the elderly and the formulation of related policies. Methods Data on EUFI was collected from the first diagnosed cases in the injury surveillance hospitals in Jiangsu from 2006 to 2021, and epidemiological characteristics of injuries were analyzed. logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for EUFI.Results The number of EUFI increased from 2006 to 2021, ranked as the first cause of elderly unintentional injuries during these years. The proportion of EUFI among elderly unintentional injuries increased in the same period. The male-to-female ratio is 1:1.4. Falls mainly occurred during 8:00-10:00 am (32.7%). The most common place where falls occurred was at home (63.6%). From 2006 to 2014, leisure activities (62.1%), housework/study (23.1%), and work (5.2%) were the top three activities when injuries occurred. During 2015-2021, leisure activities (41.7%), housework/study (22.6%) and walking (20.5%) were the top three activities when injuries occurred. The major fall-related injuries were fractures (39.9%), with the injured parts at low limbs (32.5%), of which most were mild injuries (60.3%), and the primary outcome was hospitalization after treatment (74.1%). logistic regression showed that the risk factors of EUFI were female, old age, immigrants, winter, public residence, housework/study, and leisure activities. Higher education, occupation of household and production and transportation equipment operators were protective factors (all P<0.05).Conclusions Fall is the leading cause of unintentional injuries in the elderly in Jiangsu, especially the elderly female population. Corresponding measures should be taken to prevent and intervene in falls in the elderly in the community according to the distribution characteristics.