黄芪的炮制历史沿革及现代研究进展

黄芪Astragali Radix具有补气固表、利尿托毒、排脓、敛疮生肌之功效，为临床常用补气药。其临床应用广泛，在中医古籍中有多种黄芪炮制品的使用记载，如米黄芪、酒黄芪、盐黄芪、蜜黄芪等，而沿用至今的炮制品主要为生黄芪和炙黄芪。现代研究表明黄芪主要化学成分为多糖类、皂苷类、黄酮类成分，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、增强免疫等作用。通过对本草专著、中医古籍及炮制规范等文献资料进行查阅分析，梳理古籍文献中有关黄芪功效主治、炮制沿革等方面的论述，并对黄芪炮制工艺、化学成分、药理作用等现代科研成果进行综述，为黄芪的相关研究提供参考。

Historical evolution and modern research progress of Astragali Radix processing

Huangqi (Astragali Radix) has the effects of tonifying qi and solidifying surface, diuresis and toxin supporting, expelling pus, healing up sore and promoting granulation. It is commonly used as a qi tonic in clinical practice. Ancient Chinese medical books contain records of various processed products of Astragali Radix, such as rice-processed Astragali Radix, wine-processed Astragali Radix, salt-processed Astragali Radix, honey-processed Astragali Radix, etc. Today, the most commonly used processed products are raw Astragali Radix and honey-processed Astragali Radix. Modern research indicates that Astragali Radix primarily consists of polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antitumor, immune enhancement properties. This paper aims to review and analyze herbal monographs, ancient Chinese medical books, and processing specifications to explore the efficacy and processing history of Astragali Radix documented in ancient texts. Additionally, the modern scientific research achievements on Astragali Radix, including processing technology, chemical components, and pharmacological effects, are summarized, with view to providing valuable references for future research on Astragali Radix.