不同坐姿对背部形态与臀压的影响

目的 探讨不同坐姿对脊柱和骨盆代偿特征的影响,为寻找出一个理想的坐姿姿势提供理论依据,减少不良坐姿给人体带来的姿势代偿。 方法 使用 Diers formetric 及 Pedscan 模块进行 20 名健康青年直立坐、跷腿坐、盘腿坐坐姿下表面形态学参数和臀压参数测量。 结果 相对直立坐姿,跷腿坐导致骨盆后倾、侧倾和相对扭转 (P<0. 05),跷腿侧臀压面积减少(P<0. 05),最大压力和平均压力显著增加(P<0. 05)。 双臀最大压力比、平均压力比(P<0. 05)及臀压面积(P<0. 05)的对称性降低;相对直立坐姿,盘腿坐姿下矢状面偏移角度增加(P<0. 05),躯干前屈、腰椎后凸(P<0. 05)的同时伴随骨盆后倾(P<0. 05),臀压面积减少(P<0. 05)。 结论 3 种坐姿中,直立坐姿下臀两侧受力均匀,背部表形态学参数最优,腰椎和骨盆代偿最少,可认为是理想的坐姿。

Effects of Different Sitting Postures on Back Shape and Hip Pressure

Objective To explore the effects of different sitting postures on compensatory characteristics of the spine and pelvis, and provide the theoretical basis for finding an ideal sitting posture, reduce posture compensation caused by inappropriate sitting posture. Methods The parameters of surface morphology and hip pressure from 20 healthy young adults in upright sitting, cocke-legged sitting and cross-legged sitting were measured using Diers formetric and Pedscan modules. Results Compared with upright sitting, cocke-legged sitting led to pelvic posterior tilt, lateral tilt and relative torsion (P<0. 05). The pressure area of the cocke-legged hip decreased (P<0. 05), the maximum pressure and average pressure significantly increased (P< 0. 05). The maximum pressure ratio, average pressure ratio of both hips (P<0. 05) as well as symmetry of pressure areas (P<0. 05) for both hips were reduced. Compared with upright sitting, the sagittal plane deviation angle in crosslegged sitting increased ( P < 0. 05), with the trunk flexion, the lumbar kyphosis ( P < 0. 05), accompanied by pelvic posterior tilt (P<0. 05), and pressure areas of both hips decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusions Among three kinds of sitting postures, the upright sitting can be considered as an ideal sitting posture with the uniform force on both hips, the optimal surface morphological parameters of the back, and the least compensation in the lumbar and pelvis.