增生性玻璃体视网膜病变过程中细胞外基质作用的研究进展

国内外多项有关增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)的研究结果表明,细胞外基质(ECM)的多种成分参与了PVR的形成,包括ECM结构蛋白、黏附蛋白、抗黏附蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制因子等.其中,结构蛋白包括胶原、弹力纤维蛋白等,是视网膜前、后及玻璃体腔内形成增生膜的主要的非细胞成分,可以促进增生膜的收缩;黏附蛋白包括纤维连接蛋白、玻璃体连接蛋白、层黏连蛋白等,能促进增生膜中细胞与基质间的黏附,增进视网膜色素上皮的黏附、移行及分化功能等;抗黏附蛋白包括血小板反应蛋白-1、骨连接蛋白、韧连接蛋白等,可促进视网膜色素上皮的移行,促使增生膜再塑形;基质金属蛋白酶及组织抑制因子能降解多种ECM,增加增生膜中血管内皮通透性,促进新生血管的形成等.笔者就其目前国内外有关增生性玻璃体视网膜病变增生膜的研究结果予以综述,以供同道参考.(中华眼科杂志,2008,44:759-763)

Progress in studies on effects of extracellular matrix in occurrence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy

It has been found that various extracellular matrix (ECM) probably play an important role in the occurrence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), including structural proteins, adhesive proteins, anti-adhesive proteins, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) Structural proteins, including collagen and elastic fiber family, are the major non-cellular components of PVR membrane, and could promote contraction of membrane. Adhesive proteins, including fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, could promote adhesion between cells and ECM in PVR, they promote the attachment,migration and differentiation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Anti-adhesive proteins, including thrombospondin-1, osteonectin, tenascin, could promote RPE migration and tissue remodeling of PVR, etc.MMPs and TIMPs could degrade some components of ECM, enhance permeability of blood vessel and promote neovascularization in PVR. (Chin J Opbtbalmol, 2008,44: 759-763)