医务人员职业暴露监测分析与防护

目的监测医护人员职业暴露的危险因素和不断完善预防措施。方法对95名职业暴露的医护人员进行监测,对其职业暴露物品、暴露过程、处理、随访等进行分析。结果职业暴露发生率:护士54.7%,医生23.2%,实习生12.6%,工人9.5%。发生针刺伤45.3%,各种液体污染28.4%,手术缝针刺伤10.5%,手术刀伤5.3%,其他器械10.5%。暴露原因:操作者刺伤自己48.4%,被血液或体液暴露粘膜或皮肤28.4%,配合或被其他操作者刺伤11.6%,收集或处置医疗废物8.4%,病人燥动引起4.2%。99%职业暴露者作妥善处理,只有1例发现因职业暴露感染HBV。结论规范操作行为、加强职业安全培训、加强锐器及医疗废物的管理、改善工作环境等是减少医务人员职业暴露危险因素的关键。

ANALYSIS OF MONITORING PROFESSIONOL EXPOSURE AMONG MEDICAL STAFF AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Objective To monitor the risk factors of professional exposure among medical staff and explore the preventive strategies. Methods The influence of factors including professional exposure to the materials, exposure process, treatment process, and follow-up among 95 medical staff with professional exposure was analyzed. Results The general incidence of professional exposure was 54.7%, 23.2%, 12.6%, 9.5%for clinical nurses ,doctors and workers. Among all exposure cases, we found the incidence was 45.3% for pricking wound.28.4% for various liquid contamination, 10.5% for needle wound, 5.3% for scalped cutting and 10.5% for other instrument related damage. The reasons leading to exposure were the operator stabled himself, and mucous membrane or skin lesions were exposal by blood or body fluids, and coordination and collection or disposal of medical waste, and patients restless, which accounted for 48.4%, 28.4%, 11.6%, 8.4%,and4.2%. 99% for the exposure case had been properly treated, Only one of the investigated case had been found ill with HBV caused by professional exposure. Conclusion It is critical to intensify the training of medical staff for the knowledge of professional exposure and to improve their personal protective awareness so that the incidence of professional exposure could be reduced.