X射线立体定向放射治疗多发脑转移瘤的价值

目的　探讨X射线立体定向放射治疗多发脑转移瘤的疗效。方法　在 4种预后因素(年龄、治疗前卡氏评分、有无其他部位转移及转移灶数目 )相同或相似的条件下 ,配对选择两组病例。X射线立体定向放射治疗加常规放射治疗组 (研究组 )和常规放射治疗组 (对照组 )各 53例。在研究组中 ,X射线立体定向放射治疗采用单次照射 40例 ,分次照射 1 3例 ;单次靶区平均周边剂量为 2 0Gy,分次照射剂量为 4～ 1 2Gy/次 ,2次 /周 ,总剂量为 1 5～ 30Gy。X射线立体定向放射治疗结束后即开始全脑放射治疗。对照组采用全脑照射 30～ 40Gy,3～ 4周。结果　研究组和对照组中位生存期分别为1 1 .6、6 .7个月 (P <0 .0 5) ;1年生存率分别为 44 .3 %、1 7.1 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ;1年局部控制率分别为50 .9%、1 3 .2 % (P <0 .0 5) ;治疗后 1个月卡氏评分增加者分别占 69.8%、30 .2 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ;治疗后 3个月影像学上的有效率分别为 82 .0 %、55 .0 % (P <0 .0 1 )。在死因分析中 ,研究组死于脑转移的占2 3 .3 % ,比对照组的 51 .0 %低 (P <0 .0 5)。两组病例放射并发症的发生率相似。结论　对于多发脑转移瘤 ,X射线立体定向放射治疗加常规放射疗在提高局部控制率、延长生存期和提高生存质量方面均优于单纯放射治疗。

Value of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with multiple brain metastases

Objective To analyze the prognostic factors and evaluate the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with multiple brain metastases. Methods Comparison was made in 53 such patients treated by stereotactic radiosurgery plus radiotherapy and 53 treated by radiotherapy alone. Patients were matched paired according to the following criteria: age, Karnofsky performance scale(KPS) before treatment, extent of systemic cancer and number of brain metastasis.Fourty patients had stereotactic radiosurgery, 13 patients stereotactic fractionated radiosurgery. In the stereotactic radiosurgery group, the patients were given a mean marginal dose of 20?Gy. Methods of stereotactic fractionated radiosurgery was 4 12?Gy per fraction, twice a week to a total dose of 15 30?Gy. Whole brain radiotherapy was given immediately after stereotactic radiosurgery. For patients treated by radiotherapy alone, the entire brain was treated by 30 40?Gy in 3 4 weeks. Results The median survival was 11.6 months in stereotactic radiosurgery plus radiotherapy and 6.7 months in radiotherapy alone. The one year survival rate and one year local control rate were 44.3%,17.1% and 50.9%,13.2%. Those with KPS increased after treatment gave 1 year survivals of 69.8% and 30.2%, respectively. The validity rates in CT or MRI three months after treatment were 82.0% and 55.0%.The difference in the two groups was found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). 23.3% of death in the stereotactic radiosurgery plus radiotherapy group was due to brain metastasis vs 51.0% in the radiotherapy alone group(P<0.05). Complication of the two groups was similar. Conclusion Stereotactic radiosurgery plus radiotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone for multiple brain metastases in improving the local control and ultimate outcome.