Attachment,depression, and cortisol: Deviant patterns in insecure‐resistant and disorganized infants |
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| Authors: | Maartje P.C.M. Luijk Nathalie Saridjan Anne Tharner Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg Vincent W.V. Jaddoe Albert Hofman Frank C. Verhulst Henning Tiemeier |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Child and Family Studies Leiden University, Leiden the Netherlands;2. The Generation R Study Group Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands;3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center‐Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands;4. Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands;5. Department of Pediatrics Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Both attachment insecurity and maternal depression are thought to affect infants' emotional and physiological regulation. In the current study, Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) attachment classifications, and cortisol stress reactivity and diurnal rhythm were assessed at 14 months in a prospective cohort study of 369 mother–infant dyads. Maternal lifetime depression was diagnosed prenatally using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Insecure‐resistant infants showed the largest increase in cortisol levels from pre‐ to post‐SSP; the effect was even stronger when they had depressive mothers. Disorganized children showed a more flattened diurnal cortisol pattern compared to nondisorganized children. Findings are discussed from the perspective of a cumulative risk model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 441–452, 2010. |
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| Keywords: | attachment infant cortisol stress reactivity diurnal rhythm maternal depression parents |
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