Molecular Identification of Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus Infection in Apis mellifera Colonies in Japan |
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Authors: | Tomomi Morimoto Yuriko Kojima Mikio Yoshiyama Kiyoshi Kimura Bu Yang Tatsuhiko Kadowaki |
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Affiliation: | Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Email: morimoto-tomomi@api3838.co.jp (T.M.); atmkun0517@yahoo.co.jp (Y.K.). |
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Abstract: | Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) infection causes chronic paralysis and loss of workers in honey bee colonies around the world. Although CBPV shows a worldwide distribution, it had not been molecularly detected in Japan. Our investigation of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana japonica colonies with RT-PCR has revealed CBPV infection in A. mellifera but not A. c. japonica colonies in Japan. The prevalence of CBPV is low compared with that of other viruses: deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), Israel acute paralysis virus (IAPV), and sac brood virus (SBV), previously reported in Japan. Because of its low prevalence (5.6%) in A. mellifera colonies, the incidence of colony losses by CBPV infection must be sporadic in Japan. The presence of the (-) strand RNA in dying workers suggests that CBPV infection and replication may contribute to their symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a geographic separation of Japanese isolates from European, Uruguayan, and mainland US isolates. The lack of major exchange of honey bees between Europe/mainland US and Japan for the recent 26 years (1985-2010) may have resulted in the geographic separation of Japanese CBPV isolates. |
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Keywords: | chronic bee paralysis virus Apis mellifera Apis cerana japonica phylogeny |
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