The potential role of lung microbiota in lung cancer attributed to household coal burning exposures |
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Authors: | Nathaniel Rothman Thomas Rohan Wei Hu Jun Xu Roel Vermeulen Xingzhou He James Robert White Guoping Wu Fusheng Wei Qing Lan |
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Institution: | 1. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland;2. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York;3. School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong;4. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands;5. Institute of Environmental Health and Engineering, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;6. Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;7. China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China |
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Abstract: | Bacteria influence site‐specific disease etiology and the host's ability to metabolize xenobiotics, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Lung cancer in Xuanwei, China has been attributed to PAH‐rich household air pollution from burning coal. This study seeks to explore the role of lung microbiota in lung cancer among never smoking Xuanwei women and how coal burning may influence these associations. DNA from sputum and buccal samples of never smoking lung cancer cases (n = 8, in duplicate) and controls (n = 8, in duplicate) in two Xuanwei villages was extracted using a multi‐step enzymatic and physical lysis, followed by a standardized clean‐up. V1‐V2 regions of 16S rRNA genes were PCR‐amplified. Purified amplicons were sequenced by 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing and high‐quality sequences were evaluated for diversity and taxonomic membership. Bacterial diversity among cases and controls was similar in buccal samples (P = 0.46), but significantly different in sputum samples (P = 0.038). In sputum, Granulicatella (6.1 vs. 2.0%; P = 0.0016), Abiotrophia (1.5 vs. 0.085%; P = 0.0036), and Streptococcus (40.1 vs. 19.8%; P = 0.0142) were enriched in cases compared with controls. Sputum samples had on average 488.25 species‐level OTUs in the flora of cases who used smoky coal (PAH‐rich) compared with 352.5 OTUs among cases who used smokeless coal (PAH‐poor; P = 0.047). These differences were explained by the Bacilli species (Streptococcus infantis and Streptococcus anginosus). Our small study suggests that never smoking lung cancer cases have differing sputum microbiota than controls. Further, bacteria found in sputum may be influenced by environmental exposures associated with the type of coal burned in the home. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:643–651, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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Keywords: | lung microbiota 16S carcinogenesis lung cancer bacteria respiratory pulmonary |
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