Chronic health conditions and school performance among children and youth |
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| Authors: | Casey Crump Diana Rivera Rebecca London Melinda Landau Bill Erlendson Eunice Rodriguez |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California;2. Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California;3. John W. Gardner Center, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California;4. San Jose Unified School District, San Jose, California;1. University of California, San Diego, United States;2. Spring Valley Community Center, Spring Valley, United States;1. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey;2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey;3. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ondokuz May?s University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey;4. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;5. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Ayd?n, Turkey;1. Stanford University, Department of Medicine, 211 Quarry Road, Suite 405, MC 5985, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1426, USA;2. Stanford University, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Medical School Office Building, 251 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5411, USA;3. Lund University, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Building 28, Floor 11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden;1. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA;2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;3. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA;4. University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;5. Boston College, Boston, MA;6. Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA;1. Marmara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 34865, Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Ozyegin University, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, 34794, Cekmekoy, Istanbul, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | PurposeChronic health conditions are common and increasing among U.S. children and youth. We examined whether chronic health conditions are associated with low school performance.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study of 22,730 children and youth (grades 2–11) in San Jose, California, was conducted from 2007 through 2010. Health conditions were defined as chronic if reported in each of the first 2 years, and school performance was measured using standardized English language arts (ELA) and math assessments.ResultsChronic health conditions were independently associated with low ELA and math performance, irrespective of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or grade level. Adjusted odds ratios for the association between any chronic health condition and low (“basic or below”) performance were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.36; P < .001) for ELA and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.18–1.38; P < .001) for math, relative to students without reported health conditions. Further adjustment for absenteeism had little effect on these results. The strongest associations were found for ADHD, autism, and seizure disorders, whereas a weak association was found for asthma before but not after adjusting for absenteeism, and no associations were found for cardiovascular disorders or diabetes.ConclusionsChronic neurodevelopmental and seizure disorders, but not cardiovascular disorders or diabetes, were independently associated with low school performance among children and youth. |
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