Prospective study of alcohol consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer before and after folic acid fortification in the United States |
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| Authors: | Hongmei Nan Jung Eun Lee Eric B. Rimm Charles S. Fuchs Edward L. Giovannucci Eunyoung Cho |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan;2. Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan;3. Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan;4. Utsunomiya Coloproctology Clinic, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0943, Japan;1. Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China;2. Innovation Center China, AstraZeneca Global R&D, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China;3. Department of Thorax, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China;1. Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905;2. Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224;1. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030, USA;2. Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;3. Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;1. Department of Pathology, Women & Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905;2. Physicians Reference Laboratory, LLC, Overland Park, KS, 66210;1. Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;2. First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;3. Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71003, Greece;4. Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece;5. Department of Hematology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;6. Department of Hematology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71003, Greece |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer according to folic acid fortification period in the United States.MethodsWe evaluated the association between alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer by fortification period (before 1998 vs. after 1998) in 2 prospective cohort studies, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) of women and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) of men, in which 2793 cases of invasive colorectal cancer were documented.ResultsAlcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Among nonusers of multivitamins and/or folic acid supplements, the pooled multivariate relative risk for ≥30 g/d drinkers versus nondrinkers was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.09–1.70; P for trend, 0.02). The effect of alcohol consumption was slightly stronger in the prefolic acid fortification period (1980 NHS/1986 HPFS-1998) than in the postfortification period (1998–2008); the pooled multivariate relative risks for ≥30 g/d drinkers versus nondrinkers were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.00–1.71; P for trend, 0.10) in the prefortification period and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.69–1.65; P for trend, 0.67) in the postfortification period.ConclusionsFolic acid fortification may attenuate the adverse effect of high alcohol consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer. |
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