Incidence of sport-related traumatic brain injury and risk factors of severity: a population-based epidemiologic study |
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| Authors: | Anbesaw W. Selassie Dulaney A. Wilson E. Elisabeth Pickelsimer Delia C. Voronca Nolan R. Williams Jonathan C. Edwards |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;2. Division of Biostatististics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;3. Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;2. Research Department, Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO;3. Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY;4. Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Rehabilitation Research Center, San Jose, CA;5. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;6. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN;7. Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA;1. Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada;2. Division of Human Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada;3. Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;4. Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;5. Department of Clinical Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;6. Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;7. INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;8. CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, Service d''information medicale, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;9. Division of Health Care and Outcomes Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;10. Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;11. School of Public Health and Alberta Centre for Injury Control and Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;12. Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;13. Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;1. Division of Health Care and Outcomes Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;2. Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;3. Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;4. Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;1. Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., 502N, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;2. Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., CSB 301, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;3. Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street Suite 303, MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425-8350 USA;4. Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President St, BE 101, MSC 501, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;5. Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA;1. Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada;2. École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada;3. Centre de Recherche de l''Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada |
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| Abstract: | PurposeFew studies of sport-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) are population-based or rely on directly observed data on cause, demographic characteristics, and severity. This study addresses the epidemiology of sport-related TBI in a large population.MethodsData on all South Carolina hospital and emergency department encounters for TBI, 1998–2011, were analyzed. Annual incidence rate of sport-related TBI was calculated, and rates were compared across demographic groups. Sport-related TBI severity was modeled as a function of demographic and TBI characteristics using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 16,642 individuals with sport-related TBI yielded an average annual incidence rate of 31.5/100,000 population with a steady increase from 19.7 in 1998 to 45.6 in 2011. The most common mechanisms of sport-related TBI were kicked in football (38.1%), followed by fall injuries in sports (20.3%). Incidence rate was greatest in adolescents ages 12-18 (120.6/100,000/persons). Severe sport-related TBI was strongly associated with off-road vehicular sport (odds ratio [OR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.92?7.67); repeated head trauma (OR, 4.36; 95% CI, 3.69?5.15); equestrian sport (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.64?4.51); and falls during sport activities (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.67?4.46).ConclusionsThe high incidence of sport-related TBI in youth, potential for repetitive mild TBI, and its long-term consequences on learning warrants coordinated surveillance activities and population-based outcome studies. |
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| Keywords: | Sport-related TBI Severity Concussion Mechanism of injury Repetitive TBI |
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