Intravital 2-photon imaging,leukocyte trafficking,and the beating heart |
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| Authors: | Wenjun Li Daniel R. Goldstein Daniel Kreisel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, New Haven, CT, USA;2. Department of Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;3. Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, New Haven, CT, USA;1. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;2. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;3. Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada;4. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada;5. Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta and the University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA;2. Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA;3. Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA;4. Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA;1. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan;2. Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine;3. Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China |
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| Abstract: | Intravital two-photon microscopy allows for the analysis of single-cell dynamics within intact tissues. As it is well recognized that molecular cues that regulate leukocyte trafficking into inflammatory sites differ between various tissues, it is important to study organ-specific responses. Recently, intravital two-photon microscopy has been expanded to moving organs in the mouse such as beating hearts. Unlike previous experimental approaches to image cardiac tissue explants or isolated perfused heart preparations by two-photon microscopy, intravital imaging accounts for the mechanical force transmitted to vessels by the heartbeat and accurately assesses dynamic leukocyte behavior in the coronary vessels and myocardial tissue. Intravital two-photon imaging of beating hearts is a promising experimental tool that will help elucidate cellular and molecular immune processes that contribute to a variety of cardiovascular diseases. |
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